ATI RN
ATI RN Pediatrics 2023 Questions
Extract:
Preschool-age child postoperative following a tonsillectomy
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a preschool-age child who is postoperative following a tonsillectomy and is clearing her throat frequently. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Observe the child's throat with a flashlight. This is the first action the nurse should take because the child's frequent throat clearing may indicate bleeding, which is a common complication post-tonsillectomy and requires immediate attention. Administering water (choice
A) may worsen bleeding if present. Administering an analgesic (choice
B) is not the priority as the child's throat clearing is a more urgent issue. Offering an ice collar (choice
D) may not address the potential bleeding. Observing the child's throat with a flashlight (choice
C) allows the nurse to assess for any signs of bleeding and take appropriate action promptly.
Extract:
Toddlers
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing safety measures with a group of parents to prevent burn injuries for toddlers. Which of the following safety measures should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Keep electrical wires hidden from view. This is important to prevent toddlers from tampering with electrical devices, reducing the risk of burns from electrical sources. Hidden wires eliminate the temptation for children to play with them, avoiding potential electrocution or burns.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Setting the water heater to 60°C (140°F) can scald a child if the temperature is too high.
C: Turning pot handles towards the front of the stove can still be within a child's reach, leading to accidental spills and burns.
D: Encouraging outdoor activities between specific hours does not directly relate to preventing burn injuries.
Extract:
School-age child receiving cefazolin
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a school-age child who is receiving cefazolin. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Cefazolin belongs to the class of antibiotics known as cephalosporins, which can rarely cause severe skin reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome. This syndrome presents with flu-like symptoms followed by a painful red or purplish rash that spreads and blisters. It is a serious and potentially life-threatening reaction that requires immediate medical attention. The other options are not typically associated with cefazolin. Hypotension is more commonly seen with medications like vasopressors, prolonged wound healing is not a known side effect of cefazolin, and bradypnea is not a typical adverse effect of this medication. Monitoring for Stevens-Johnson syndrome is crucial to promptly identify and manage this severe reaction.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a child for scabies. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of scabies?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Maculopapular skin burrows on the hand. Scabies is caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite burrowing into the skin, resulting in characteristic burrows typically found in webs of fingers, wrists, and elbows. Scaly lesions (
B) and a rash with red macular lesions (
D) are not specific to scabies. A bull's eye edematous area (
C) is more indicative of Lyme disease.
Extract:
15-year-old adolescent admitted for a vaso-occlusive crisis. Parent reports low-grade fever and vomiting for 3 days. Adolescent reports right-sided and low back pain, painful swollen hands and right knee, pain 8/10. Vital Signs: Temperature 37.8° C (100° F), Heart rate 100/min, Blood pressure 110/72 mm Hg, Respiratory rate 20/min, Oxygen saturation 95%. Assessment: Yellow sclera, tender right upper quadrant, swollen painful hands and knee. Labs: Hct 28%, Hgb 6 g/dL, WBC 20,000/mm3, ALT 50 units/L, AST 62 units/L, Total bilirubin 3.0 mg/dL. Chest X-ray: cardiomegaly, systolic flow murmur
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is planning care for the adolescent. Select the 5 interventions the nurse should include.
Correct Answer: B,D,E,G
Rationale:
Correct Answer: B, D, E, G
Rationale:
- B: Placing the client on strict bed rest helps reduce joint stress in conditions like juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
- D: Ensuring pneumococcal vaccine is current is important for preventing infections in immunocompromised adolescents.
- E: Folic acid helps with red blood cell production in conditions like sickle cell anemia.
- G: Monitoring oxygen saturation is crucial in assessing respiratory status, especially in conditions like asthma.
Incorrect
Choices:
- A: Cold compresses may provide temporary relief but do not address the underlying issues.
- C: Oral hydroxyurea is typically used for sickle cell anemia, not for general adolescent care.
- F: Meperidine IV is not recommended for general pain management in adolescents due to potential side effects and addiction risks.