ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Quiz 240 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who is taking simvastatin (Zocor). What should the nurse instruct this client to avoid while taking this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Grapefruit juice. Grapefruit juice can interfere with the metabolism of simvastatin, leading to increased levels of the drug in the body and potentially causing side effects. It inhibits the enzyme CYP3A4, which is responsible for metabolizing simvastatin. Avoiding grapefruit juice will help maintain the effectiveness and safety of simvastatin therapy.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not have a significant interaction with simvastatin. Orange juice and all fruit juices do not have any known interactions with simvastatin. Coenzyme Q10 supplements may actually be beneficial for individuals taking statins.
Question 2 of 5
Because HDL transports cholesterol for destructions and removes it from the body, it is considered “ †cholesterol.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: good. HDL is considered "good" cholesterol because it helps transport cholesterol from the bloodstream to the liver for removal, reducing the risk of plaque buildup in arteries. This process is known as reverse cholesterol transport, which is beneficial for heart health. HDL is associated with lowering the risk of heart disease.
Choices B, C, D, and other options are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the role of HDL in cholesterol metabolism and its positive impact on cardiovascular health.
Question 3 of 5
The physician tells the nurse an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor has been ordered. What is another name for the type of drug?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A statin. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are commonly known as statins. These drugs work by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a key role in cholesterol synthesis. Statins are widely used to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
A: Fibric acids are a different class of drugs used to lower triglyceride levels, not cholesterol.
B: Bile acid resins work by binding to bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption and promoting their excretion, leading to lower cholesterol levels.
C: Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their cardiovascular benefits, but they are not HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
In summary, the correct answer D is specific to the class of drugs that includes medications like atorvastatin and simvastatin, which are commonly prescribed for managing cholesterol levels.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following classes of medication decreases heart rate, contractility, and blood pressure, and is used to increase survival rates in post-myocardial infarction patients?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Beta blockers. Beta blockers decrease heart rate and contractility by blocking the effects of catecholamines on beta receptors, leading to reduced blood pressure. In post-myocardial infarction patients, beta blockers improve survival rates by reducing myocardial oxygen demand and protecting against arrhythmias. ACE inhibitors (
A) primarily reduce blood pressure by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Vasodilators (
B) directly dilate blood vessels to lower blood pressure but do not affect heart rate or contractility. Diuretics (
D) promote fluid excretion to reduce blood volume and pressure, but do not specifically target heart rate or contractility.
Question 5 of 5
A client asks the nurse to explain the difference between stable and unstable angina. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because stable angina is characterized by predictable patterns of chest pain related to exertion or stress, while unstable angina involves a change in the frequency, intensity, or duration of angina episodes, often occurring at rest.
Choice B is incorrect because it wrongly states that unstable angina is predictable.
Choices C and D are incorrect because they inaccurately attribute stable angina to coronary artery spasms, which is not the typical cause.