ATI RN
ATI RN Fundamentals Online Practice 2023 B Questions
Extract:
Nurses’ Notes
Client 1: The client is admitted with a new diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Client 2: The client has a history of hyperlipidemia. Atorvastatin 20 mg PO was administered as prescribed.
Client 3: The client is 1 day postoperative. The client reports pain as 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. Morphine 5 mg subcutaneous was administered as prescribed.
Client 4: The client is admitted with a new diagnosis of heart failure.
Client 5: The client has a stage 2 pressure injury on the left heel.
Client 6: The client is admitted with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
Question 1 of 5
A nurse in a medical-surgical unit is caring for six clients. The nurse needs to assess the clients based on their conditions.Exhibits:Based on the Nurses’ Notes, which client should the nurse assess first? Please select the correct client number from the choices below:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Client 3. The rationale is to prioritize based on the urgency of the clients' conditions. Client 3 should be assessed first because the urgency of their condition is likely higher compared to the others. Assessing Client 3 first ensures that any critical issues are addressed promptly, potentially preventing further deterioration. Clients 1, 2, 4, and 5 may have important needs but are not as urgent as Client 3. Client 6 is not listed, so it is not a relevant option.
Therefore, by prioritizing the assessment of Client 3, the nurse can provide timely and appropriate care to the most critical patient.
Extract:
Diagnostic Results
Week 1:
Hematocrit (Hct): 42% (Normal range: 37% to 47%)
Hemoglobin (Hgb): 15 g/dL (Normal range: 12 to 16 g/dL)
White Blood Cell (WBC) count: 8,000/mm² (Normal range: 5,000 to 10,000/mm²)
Platelet count: 350,000/mm² (Normal range: 150,000 to 400,000/mm²)
Potassium: 3.7 mEq/L (Normal range: 3.5 to 5 mEq/L)
Week 2:
Hematocrit (Hct): 37% (Normal range: 37% to 47%)
Hemoglobin (Hgb): 12 g/dL (Normal range: 12 to 16 g/dL)
White Blood Cell (WBC) count: 6,000/mm² (Normal range: 5,000 to 10,000/mm²)
Platelet count: 100,000/mm² (Normal range: 150,000 to 400,000/mm²)
Potassium: 3.6 mEq/L (Normal range: 3.5 to 5 mEq/L)
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a female client. The following diagnostic results have been recorded over two weeks: Complete the following sentence by using the lists of options. The client is at risk for -----------------as evidenced by the-----------------------
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: Action to Take: A, E; Potential Condition: B; Parameter to Monitor: E, F.
Rationale: The correct answer is A, E because a decrease in platelet count (E) from 350,000/mm² to 100,000/mm² indicates a risk of bleeding. This is further supported by the decrease in hemoglobin levels (F) from 15 g/dL to 12 g/dL, indicating anemia. Monitoring platelet count (E) and hemoglobin levels (F) will help track the risk of bleeding and anemia. Other choices (C, D, G) are not directly supported by the diagnostic results provided.
Extract:
Vital Signs (Updated)
• 0700 hrs:
o Blood Pressure (BP): 138/72 mm Hg
o Heart rate: 80/min
o Respirations: 22/min
o Temperature: 38.3°C (101.1°F)
o Oxygen saturation: 90% on room air
• 1100 hrs:
o Blood Pressure (BP): 132/68 mm Hg
o Heart rate: 92/min
o Respirations: 24/min
o Temperature: 39.0°C (102.2°F)
o Oxygen saturation: 88% on room air
• 1500 hrs:
o Blood Pressure (BP): 126/64 mm Hg
o Heart rate: 100/min
o Respirations: 26/min
o Temperature: 39.5°C (103.1°F)
o Oxygen saturation: 86% on room air
Nurses' Notes
• 0700 hrs:
o The client is alert but appears fatigued. Complaints of increased shortness of breath over the past 24 hours. The client has a productive cough with thick, yellow sputum. The client reports feeling increasingly weak and dizzy. Mild confusion is noted, with difficulty maintaining focus during the assessment. The client is diaphoretic and has been experiencing chills intermittently. The skin appears flushed and warm to the touch.
• 1100 hrs:
o The client is visibly distressed and reports worsening dyspnea. The cough is now accompanied by greenish, foul- smelling sputum. The client exhibits increased confusion and disorientation. The skin is cool and clammy, with noticeable pallor. Respiratory effort is labored, with audible wheezing and crackles upon auscultation. The client reports persistent nausea and decreased appetite. There is a noticeable increase in fatigue and lethargy.
• 1500 hrs:
o The client is significantly drowsy and difficult to arouse. Respiratory distress is evident, with use of accessory muscles for breathing. The sputum is now blood-tinged and the cough is frequent and severe. The skin is very pale, with a bluish tinge noted around the lips. The client shows signs of hypotension and rapid pulse. There is an overall decline in mental status, with severe confusion and disorientation. The client complains of severe weakness and generalized body aches.
Medical History
• Diabetes mellitus, well-managed with medication
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• History of hypertension
• No known drug allergies
• Recent travel to an area with known respiratory infections
Diagnostic Results
• 0700 hrs:
o Chest X-ray: Mild infiltrates in the lower lobes
o CBC: Elevated white blood cell count (WBC) 12,000/µL
• 1100 hrs:
o Chest X-ray: Progression of infiltrates with more pronounced consolidation
o CBC: Further elevated white blood cell count (WBC) 15,000/µL; Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)
• 1500 hrs:
o Chest X-ray: Extensive consolidation with possible pleural effusion
o CBC: High white blood cell count (WBC) 18,000/µL; Elevated CRP; Low hemoglobin (Hb)
Provider's Prescriptions
• 0700 hrs:
o Antibiotic therapy initiated: Levofloxacin 500 mg IV every 24 hours
o Oxygen therapy: 2 L/min via nasal cannula
• 1100 hrs:
o Increased oxygen therapy to 4 L/min via nasal cannula
o Addition of nebulized bronchodilators
• 1500 hrs:
o Oxygen therapy increased to 6 L/min via non-rebreather mask
o Initiation of intravenous corticosteroids
Question 3 of 5
A 60-year-old male client is admitted to the medical-surgical unit. The client is experiencing a worsening of symptoms over the last 24 hours. The client's initial presentation was similar to previous days, but his condition has deteriorated.Exhibits:Based on the evolution of the client’s condition and the provided exhibits, select all that apply. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the client's care plan?
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E,F
Rationale: The correct answer includes preparing for possible intubation and mechanical ventilation (
B) because the client is experiencing a worsening of symptoms, indicating respiratory distress. Monitoring blood glucose levels frequently (
C) is essential as stress can cause fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Administering IV antibiotics as prescribed (
D) is crucial to treat any infection that may be contributing to the deterioration. Ensuring strict hand hygiene (E) helps prevent the spread of infection. Increasing fluid intake (F) can help thin sputum and ease breathing. Implementing airborne precautions (
A) is not necessary unless specific respiratory infections are suspected. Assisting with chest tube insertion (G) is not indicated based on the information provided.
Extract:
Nurses’ Notes
• The client reports a sudden onset of chest tightness and difficulty breathing starting approximately 30 minutes ago.
• The client is anxious and visibly distressed, clutching her chest intermittently.
• She has a history of hypertension and diabetes, which are being managed with medication.
• On examination, the client is sitting upright and appears to be in moderate respiratory distress.
• The client mentions feeling lightheaded and reports a slight headache.
• She is sweating profusely and her skin is pale.
• The client denies any recent physical exertion or known exposure to irritants.
Vital Signs
• Temperature: 37.2°C (99.0°F)
• Heart Rate: 104 beats per minute
• Respiratory Rate: 22 breaths per minute
• Blood Pressure: 158/92 mmHg
Physical Examination Results
• The client’s lungs exhibit bilateral wheezing and crackles upon auscultation.
• There is no visible swelling or edema in the extremities.
• The client has a dry cough that is intermittent.
• No cyanosis is noted around the lips or extremities.
• The client’s skin is cool and clammy.
• The client appears slightly disoriented when asked questions.
• There is no sign of trauma or injury.
Question 4 of 5
A 45-year-old female client is admitted to the emergency department with complaints of sudden shortness of breath and chest tightness. She has a history of hypertension and diabetes.Exhibits:A nurse is assessing the client at 0700 hrs. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A Initiate a cardiac enzyme panel
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Obtain an electrocardiogram (ECG). The client's symptoms of sudden shortness of breath and chest tightness, along with her history of hypertension and diabetes, raise concerns for a possible cardiac event such as a heart attack. An ECG is crucial for promptly identifying any cardiac abnormalities and guiding further treatment. It provides valuable information on the heart's electrical activity, helping to assess for signs of ischemia or arrhythmias. Initiating a cardiac enzyme panel (choice
A) may be necessary later but obtaining an ECG takes priority for immediate assessment. Starting IV fluid therapy (choice
B), providing pain relief medication (choice
C), performing a comprehensive physical assessment (choice E) are important interventions but obtaining an ECG is the most urgent action to rule out a cardiac emergency in this scenario.
Extract:
A nurse is attending to a patient who is receiving a unit of packed RBCs. The patient’s vital signs at 0800 and 0815 are given.
Heart rate of 110 bpm
Question 5 of 5
Complete the following sentence using the list of options. The patient exhibits symptoms of-------------------------------
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tachycardia. Tachycardia refers to an abnormally rapid heart rate. In a patient exhibiting symptoms, this could indicate a fast heartbeat, which is a common sign of various medical conditions such as anxiety, heart disease, or hyperthyroidism. Hypertension (
A) is high blood pressure, not related to heart rate. Hypotension (
B) is low blood pressure. Bradycardia (
D) is a slow heart rate. Since the patient exhibits symptoms, tachycardia (
C) is the most relevant choice to describe the rapid heart rate.