RN ATI Pediatric Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN -Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Refer children with sore throats for throat cultures. This is important in preventing rheumatic fever as it helps identify and treat streptococcal infections promptly, which can lead to rheumatic fever if left untreated. Encouraging routine cholesterol screenings (
A) and conducting routine blood pressure screenings (
B) are not directly related to preventing rheumatic fever. Recommending aspirin instead of acetaminophen (
D) can actually be harmful in children with viral infections, increasing the risk of Reye's syndrome.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The child is exhibiting normal adolescent behavior. Adolescence is a period of identity formation, autonomy-seeking, and risk-taking. It is common for teenagers to rebel against authority figures, including parents and healthcare providers, as they strive for independence and self-discovery. This rebellious behavior, such as missing medication doses, can be a way for the teenager to assert control over their own life and make their own decisions. It is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize this normal developmental stage and approach the situation with understanding and support rather than punitive measures.

Other choices are incorrect because:
A: The child needing more discipline implies that the behavior is solely due to a lack of control or structure, which overlooks the developmental aspect of adolescence.
B: While socialization with peers is important, it may not address the underlying reasons for the rebellious behavior.
D: Imposing more parental control may exacerbate the rebellion and hinder the adolescent's autonomy development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diabetes mellitus. The symptoms of increased urination, hunger, and thirst are classic signs of diabetes mellitus. In diabetes, the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels, leading to excessive urination (as the body tries to get rid of excess sugar), increased hunger (as cells are not getting enough glucose for energy), and increased thirst (due to dehydration from frequent urination). Hypoglycemia (choice
A) would present with low blood sugar symptoms, not high blood sugar symptoms. Huntington disease (choice
B) is a genetic disorder affecting the brain, not related to the symptoms described. Phenylketonuria (choice
D) is a metabolic disorder related to the inability to break down phenylalanine, not associated with the symptoms described.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: As young as possible. Early intervention for children with cognitive impairments is crucial for optimal development. Early stimulation and educational programs can significantly improve outcomes. The brain's plasticity is highest in early childhood, making it the most effective time for interventions. Waiting until age 3 or 5 (choices C and
D) may lead to missed opportunities for crucial development.
Choice B limits the intervention to verbal communication, overlooking other important areas.
Therefore, referring children as young as possible (choice
A) is the best approach to ensure they receive the necessary support and resources early on.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sunken fontanels and dry mucous membranes. These findings indicate severe dehydration in the infant with gastroenteritis. Sunken fontanels suggest significant fluid loss, while dry mucous membranes also indicate dehydration. Dehydration in infants can lead to serious complications, so it is crucial for the nurse to report these findings to the provider promptly.
The other choices are not as concerning as choice B.
Choice A indicates a fluid deficit but does not suggest severe dehydration.
Choice C could be expected in a sick infant and does not require immediate provider notification.
Choice D shows signs of fever and tachycardia, which are common in gastroenteritis and may not be as urgent as severe dehydration.