ATI RN
ATI Nurs 180 Pharmacology Quiz II Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client exposed to anthrax has presented to the healthcare setting. Which of the following medications below is the treatment for this biological exposure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ciprofloxacin (Cipro). Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which is susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, essential for bacterial DNA replication. It is recommended as the treatment of choice for anthrax exposure by the CDC due to its effectiveness against the anthrax bacteria. Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) (
Choice
A) is not effective against anthrax. Nystatin (Mycostatin) (
Choice
B) is an antifungal medication, not effective for bacterial infections like anthrax. Tamoxifen (
Choice
D) is a medication used for breast cancer treatment, not for anthrax.
Therefore, Ciprofloxacin is the correct choice for treating anthrax exposure.
Question 2 of 5
2-month-old patient with current active infection. Being treated with neomycin. The nurse understands that neomycin may cause serious adverse effects such as
Correct Answer: A,F
Rationale: The correct answers are A and F. Neomycin is known to cause ototoxicity, which can result in hearing loss and balance issues. It can also lead to pseudomembranous colitis, a severe inflammation of the colon. Ototoxicity can occur due to neomycin's effects on the inner ear, while pseudomembranous colitis is a known side effect due to disruption of normal gut flora.
Choices B, C, D, E, and G are incorrect because neomycin is not associated with constipation, hypercalcemia, thrombocytopenia, hypotrichosis, or photosensitivity. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the patient for signs and symptoms of ototoxicity and pseudomembranous colitis while on neomycin therapy.
Question 3 of 5
The charge nurse is performing an Inservice regarding the adverse effects of antibiotic therapy. Which of the following antibiotics should the nurse include regarding the potential to cause QT prolongation?
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: The correct answer is A and C (Fluoroquinolones and Macrolides) because they are known to have a potential risk of causing QT prolongation. This adverse effect can lead to serious cardiac arrhythmias. Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, have a well-documented association with QT prolongation. Macrolides, like erythromycin and azithromycin, are also known to prolong the QT interval. On the other hand, Penicillins (
B), Beta-Lactams (
D), and Cephalosporins (E) are generally not associated with QT prolongation. It is essential for healthcare professionals to be aware of these potential adverse effects to ensure safe medication administration and patient monitoring.
Question 4 of 5
A client diagnosed with strep throat requires antibiotics for treatment. With an allergy to penicillin, the nurse understands which medication should be avoided due to cross-sensitivity with penicillin medications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cephalosporins. Cephalosporins share a similar beta-lactam ring structure with penicillins, leading to potential cross-reactivity in patients with penicillin allergies. Macrolides (
A), antiretrovirals (
B), and antimalarials (
C) do not have this structural similarity, so they are safe alternatives for patients allergic to penicillin. In summary, choosing cephalosporins for a patient with a penicillin allergy can lead to an allergic reaction due to cross-sensitivity, making it an inappropriate choice in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
A client with a leukemia has been placed on methotrexate. Which of the following mechanism of actions below describes this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inhibits replication by blocking folic acid synthesis. Methotrexate is a folate antagonist that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of folic acid, necessary for DNA replication. This action specifically targets rapidly dividing cells like cancer cells in leukemia.
Choice A is incorrect as methotrexate is not used to treat fungal infections.
Choice B is incorrect as methotrexate does not alter pH levels.
Choice D is incorrect as methotrexate does not target helper T cells but rather inhibits DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells.