ATI RN
ATI Nur223g Pediatrics Sect 2 Final Exam Questions
Extract:
An 8-year-old child who has acute rheumatic fever.
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for an 8-year-old child who has acute rheumatic fever. Which of the following assessments is the nurse's priority immediately after admission?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B - Auscultating the rate and characteristics of the child's heart sounds. This is the priority because acute rheumatic fever can lead to rheumatic heart disease, affecting the heart valves. Early detection of any abnormal heart sounds or murmurs is crucial in preventing further cardiac complications. Assessing the rash (
A) and joint pain (
C) are important but not as immediate as assessing the heart sounds in this scenario. Identifying parental anxiety (
D) is also important but does not take precedence over assessing the child's physiological status.
Extract:
A client has a new prescription for a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client has a new prescription for a metered dose inhaler (MDI). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Shake the inhaler for 3 to 5 seconds. This is important to ensure proper mixing of the medication before inhalation, leading to consistent dosage delivery.
Choice B (Wait 2 min between inhalations) is incorrect as it does not address the specific technique of using the MDI.
Choice C (Press down twice on the MDI canister) is incorrect as it may lead to overdose or incorrect dosage delivery.
Choice D (Rinse the mouth with mouthwash after inhaling the medication) is incorrect as it is not a standard practice for MDI use and may not be necessary.
Extract:
Administer 5% dextrose in 0.45% sodium chloride 1,000 mL IV to infuse over 12 hr.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer 5% dextrose in 0.45% sodium chloride 1,000 mL IV to infuse over 12 hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the IV rate, first add the percentages of dextrose and sodium chloride (5% + 0.45% = 5.45%).
Then, divide by the number of hours to infuse (1000 mL / 12 hr = 83.33 mL/hr). Since we need to round to the nearest whole number, the IV pump should be set to deliver 83 mL/hr.
Choice A (83) is correct because it reflects the calculated infusion rate. Other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the calculated rate.
Extract:
A child who has rheumatic fever. Parent reports: The father had gastritis 2 weeks ago, a neighbor's child has chickenpox, a sibling had a sore throat 3 weeks ago, a classmate has fifth disease.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who has rheumatic fever. When obtaining the child's medical history from the parent, the nurse should recognize the significance of which of the following data as the possible source of the child's infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A sibling who had a sore throat 3 weeks ago. Rheumatic fever is a complication of untreated streptococcal infections, particularly strep throat. The child likely contracted the streptococcal infection from the sibling with a sore throat. Streptococcal infections can lead to rheumatic fever if not promptly treated with antibiotics. The other choices are less likely to be the possible source of the child's infection.
Choice A (father with gastritis) is not relevant to rheumatic fever.
Choice B (neighbor's child with chickenpox) is caused by a virus, not bacteria like streptococcus.
Choice D (classmate with fifth disease) is also caused by a virus and is not associated with rheumatic fever.
Extract:
A child with frequent nosebleeds.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching the parents of a child with frequent nosebleeds how to care for the child. Which statement by the parents indicate that the parents have understood the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Sitting the child upright and forward helps prevent blood from flowing to the back of the throat.
2. Applying pressure to the sides of the nose helps stop the bleeding by compressing the blood vessels.
3. This position and pressure technique are recommended for managing nosebleeds effectively.
Incorrect
Choices:
B: Turning the child's head to the side and pressing on the nasal ridge may worsen the bleeding.
C: Putting the child in bed and pressing on the forehead does not help control the bleeding.
D: Having the child lie flat and applying pressure to the cheeks is not recommended for nosebleeds.