ATI RN
ATI N180 Pharmacology Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing an in-service on the complications of overdosing on morphine, such as the opioid toxicity triad. Which of the following signs and symptoms should the nurse include in her in-service about opioid toxicity triad?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and coma. The opioid toxicity triad includes these signs and symptoms: pinpoint pupils due to miosis, respiratory depression leading to hypoventilation, and central nervous system depression ultimately resulting in coma. Pinpoint pupils are a classic sign of opioid overdose due to the drug's effect on the parasympathetic nervous system. Respiratory depression is a life-threatening complication of opioid overdose, leading to hypoxia and potentially respiratory arrest. Coma is the most severe manifestation of opioid toxicity, indicating profound central nervous system depression.
Choices A, C, and D include incorrect signs and symptoms that are not part of the opioid toxicity triad.
Choice A mentions respiratory alkalosis, which is not a typical feature of opioid overdose.
Choice C includes hypertension, which is not commonly seen in opioid toxicity.
Choice D mentions constipation and pupillary dilation, which may occur with chronic opioid use but are not part of the acute overdose presentation.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a patient with kidney dysfunction. The nurse understands that kidney dysfunction can lead to an increase in the duration and intensity of a medication's response. Which lab tests should the nurse monitor? Select all that apply
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: The correct lab tests to monitor in a patient with kidney dysfunction are Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine. BUN and Creatinine levels are important indicators of kidney function. In kidney dysfunction, the clearance of medications is impaired, leading to a prolonged duration and increased intensity of drug response. Monitoring BUN and Creatinine levels helps assess the kidney's ability to filter waste and metabolize medications. Lipid panel and blood glucose levels are not directly related to kidney dysfunction in terms of medication response.
Therefore, A and B are the correct choices as they directly reflect kidney function in this context.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is considering administering a medication for the client's concern of diarrhea. Which of the following medications is indicated to decrease diarrhea?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Loperamide (Imodium). Loperamide is an antidiarrheal medication that works by slowing down the movement of the intestines, reducing stool frequency and increasing stool consistency. It is indicated for the treatment of diarrhea. Docusate sodium (
A) is a stool softener used to prevent constipation, not indicated for diarrhea. Sucralfate (
B) is a medication that forms a protective layer over ulcers in the stomach and intestines, not indicated for diarrhea. Omeprazole (
C) is a proton pump inhibitor used to reduce stomach acid production, not indicated for diarrhea.
Therefore, Loperamide is the correct choice to decrease diarrhea by slowing down intestinal motility.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing an in-service on the complications of naloxone (Narcan), such as abstinence syndrome. Which of the following signs and symptoms should the nurse include in her in-service about abstinence syndrome?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Abstinence syndrome from naloxone can present with fever, hypertension, vomiting, anxiety, and abdominal cramping. This is because naloxone is an opioid antagonist that can precipitate withdrawal symptoms in individuals who are physically dependent on opioids. Fever, hypertension, vomiting, anxiety, and abdominal cramping are common manifestations of withdrawal.
Incorrect answers:
A: Pinpoint pupils, coma, and respiratory depression are signs and symptoms of opioid overdose, not abstinence syndrome.
B: Sedation, fixed pupils, and nausea are not typical of abstinence syndrome but rather opioid effects.
D: Hyperventilation, depression, and constipation are not specific to naloxone-induced abstinence syndrome.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client with a new prescription of dantrolene (Dantrium). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching about this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: This medication is used to treat malignant hyperthermia. Dantrolene is a skeletal muscle relaxant that is specifically indicated for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia, a rare but life-threatening condition triggered by certain anesthesia agents. The nurse should include this information in the teaching to ensure the client understands the purpose and importance of the medication.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because dantrolene is not used for preventing migraines, treating alcohol use disorder, or managing mild pain. It is crucial for the nurse to provide accurate and relevant information to the client to promote safe and effective medication use.