ATI RN
ATINur2708 Pediatrics Final Exam Questions
Extract:
6-year-old client diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is working closely with the parent of a 6-year-old client who was just diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which methods used in behavior modification would be appropriate for this child?
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A, B, D
Rationale:
A: Giving short and clear explanations is crucial for a child with ADHD to understand expectations and instructions effectively.
B: Being fair but firm and sticking to rules helps establish consistency and structure, which are essential for managing ADHD symptoms.
D: Providing a structured environment helps the child with ADHD stay organized, focused, and reduces distractions, leading to better behavior and improved attention.
Summary:
C: Observing for side effects of prescribed meds is important but not directly related to behavior modification techniques.
E: Waiting a few days to punish may not be effective for a child with ADHD as immediate consequences are needed for behavior modification.
Thus, choices C and E are incorrect as they do not directly address behavior modification strategies for a child with ADHD.
Extract:
Adolescent with congestive heart failure, taking digoxin daily, refused breakfast, complaining of nausea and weakness.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who has congestive heart failure and is taking digoxin daily. The client refused breakfast and is complaining of nausea and weakness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take first is to check the client's vital signs (
Choice
C). Vital signs can provide critical information about the client's current condition, including potential complications such as digoxin toxicity, which can manifest as nausea and weakness. Monitoring vital signs can help assess the client's overall stability and guide further interventions. Requesting a dietitian consult (
Choice
A) and suggesting rest before eating (
Choice
D) are important but not the priority in this situation. Requesting an antiemetic (
Choice
B) may address symptoms but does not address the underlying cause. Checking vital signs is the initial step to ensure the client's safety and well-being.
Extract:
School-age child with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a school-age child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents about management during an illness. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A,E
Rationale:
A: Offering fluids with carbohydrates helps prevent hypoglycemia when the child is unable to eat solid foods during illness.
E: Testing blood/urine for ketones is crucial to monitor for diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious complication of type 1 diabetes.
Incorrect
Choices:
B: Testing urine for protein is not relevant to managing diabetes during illness.
C: Encouraging fluids without sugar can lead to hypoglycemia if the child is unable to eat solid foods.
D: Limiting carbohydrates during illness can lead to hypoglycemia, especially when the child is not eating well.
F: Withholding insulin dose when feeling nauseous can lead to hyperglycemia, as insulin is necessary even during illness for managing blood sugar levels.
Extract:
Child with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following interventions is appropriate for a child with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging the child to engage in regular physical activity. Regular physical activity is beneficial for children with SLE as it helps improve overall health, maintain joint flexibility, and reduce fatigue. Exercise can also help manage stress and improve mood.
A: Encouraging a high-protein/high fat diet is not appropriate as SLE patients often benefit from a balanced and healthy diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
C: Administering live vaccines is contraindicated in SLE patients due to their compromised immune system.
D: Promoting sun exposure without protection can worsen SLE symptoms as UV rays can trigger flare-ups in many SLE patients.
Extract:
School-age child with full-thickness burns to 30% of the total body surface area (TBSA). Vital Signs: Oral temperature 38° C (100.2°F), Respiratory rate 34/min, Heart rate 115/min, Blood pressure 86/54 mm Hg, SaO2 94%. Medication: Lactated Ringer's IV, Fentanyl 28 mcg IV prn, Silver sulfadiazine topically. Physical Examination: 30% TBSA burns to bilateral lower extremities, 4+ edema, sluggish capillary refill, nonpalpable pedal pulses.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is initiating the client's plan of care. Complete the following sentence by using the list of options. The client is at highest risk for developing as evidenced by the client's
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: The correct answer is A,B. Acute kidney injury is a serious condition that can be indicated by decreased urine output, making options A and B the correct choices. Acute kidney injury can lead to decreased urine output due to decreased kidney function. The other choices are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the client's risk for developing acute kidney injury. It is important for the nurse to monitor the client's urine output as it can be a key indicator of kidney function and potential complications.