Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Institute bleeding precautions. Petechiae are tiny red or purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding under the skin. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the client's platelet count may be low, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. By instituting bleeding precautions, the nurse can help prevent injuries that could result in further bleeding. Determining the client's blood type (
A) is not necessary in this situation. Avoiding IV pain medication (
B) is not directly related to managing petechiae. Implementing airborne precautions (
D) is not relevant to the client's presentation with petechiae.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale:
Correct
Answer: B. Remind the client of the importance of medication adherence.


Rationale: Ensuring medication adherence is crucial for managing AIDS. By reminding the client of this, the nurse advocates for the client's health and well-being. This action promotes the client's self-care and disease management, ultimately empowering the client to take control of their health.

Summary of other choices:
A: Instructing the client to avoid eating raw vegetables is not directly related to client advocacy in the context of AIDS management.
C: Telling the client to avoid large crowds does not directly address the client's ability to continue self-care at home.
D: Initiating a referral to a home health agency may be helpful but does not directly demonstrate client advocacy in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A


Rationale: The nurse should include the statement "You will not be able to eat or drink after the procedure until you are able to cough" because it is essential for the client's safety to prevent aspiration. After a bronchoscopy, the client may have an impaired gag reflex from the procedure, increasing the risk of choking.
Therefore, it is crucial to wait until the gag reflex returns before eating or drinking. This statement emphasizes the importance of airway protection post-procedure.

Summary:
B: Incorrect - Breathing during a bronchoscopy is usually done through the mouth.
C: Incorrect - Bronchoscopy is uncomfortable but not typically painful due to sedation.
D: Incorrect - Sedation is commonly used during bronchoscopy to ensure client comfort.
E: Incorrect - Bed rest after a bronchoscopy is not typically necessary unless complications arise.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Metformin. The nurse should withhold metformin before the procedure with IV contrast dye due to the risk of lactic acidosis. IV contrast dye can affect kidney function, leading to an increased risk of lactic acidosis when combined with metformin. Fluticasone (
A), metoprolol (
B), and valproic acid (
D) are not contraindicated before the procedure with IV contrast dye. Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid, metoprolol is a beta-blocker, and valproic acid is an anticonvulsant. These medications are not typically affected by IV contrast dye and can be safely administered.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use a raised toilet seat to maintain your hips above your knees. This is important post-total hip arthroplasty to prevent hip dislocation. By keeping the hips above the knees, it reduces stress on the hip joint.

Incorrect choices:
A: Twisting at the waist can strain the hip joint post-surgery.
C: Applying heat can increase inflammation and risk of infection.
D: Moving the stronger leg first can lead to uneven weight distribution, increasing the risk of falls.