ATI RN
ATI Nur 223a Sect 4 Pediatrics Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Parents of a toddler about child development.
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance about child development to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following developmental tasks should the nurse include as expected of a toddler?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Separates easily from primary caregiver for short periods of time.
Toddlers typically go through a phase where they are able to separate from their primary caregiver without experiencing significant distress. This developmental task indicates the child's growing independence and ability to trust others.
Choice A is incorrect because understanding right and wrong is more commonly seen in preschool-aged children.
Choice B is incorrect as printing letters and numbers is a skill typically developed later in childhood.
Choice C is incorrect as toddlers may help with chores but may not fully cooperate or understand the concept of tasks.
Extract:
Parent calls a clinic and reports 2-month-old infant is hungry more than usual but is projectile vomiting immediately after eating.
Question 2 of 5
A parent calls a clinic and reports to a nurse that his 2-month-old infant is hungry more than usual but is projectile vomiting immediately after eating. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bring your baby in to the clinic today. Projectile vomiting in a 2-month-old infant after feeding could indicate a serious condition like pyloric stenosis. This condition causes the muscle at the bottom of the stomach to thicken, leading to projectile vomiting. It is crucial for the nurse to assess the infant in person to rule out this condition and provide appropriate treatment promptly. The other choices are incorrect because: A - Oral rehydration solution may not address the underlying cause of the vomiting, B - Switching formula may not resolve the issue and delay necessary medical intervention, D - Burping more frequently is unlikely to stop projectile vomiting.
Extract:
Child with type 1 diabetes mellitus and his parents.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a school-age child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and his parents about illness management. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Test the urine for ketones. This instruction is crucial for monitoring diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious complication of type 1 diabetes. Ketones in the urine indicate inadequate insulin levels.
Choice B is incorrect because blood glucose levels over 350 mg/dL are already very high and should prompt immediate action, not just notification.
Choice C is incorrect as nausea can be a sign of hypoglycemia, and withholding insulin would worsen the situation.
Choice D is incorrect as limiting fluid intake can lead to dehydration, especially during mealtime when blood sugar levels can fluctuate.
Extract:
Infants who have cystic fibrosis.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is presenting an in-service about the use of postural drainage for infants who have cystic fibrosis. Which of the following positions should the nurse identify as being contraindicated for the infant?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Trendelenburg. This position involves the patient lying flat on their back with the feet elevated higher than the head. For infants with cystic fibrosis, this position can cause increased pressure on the chest and abdomen, making breathing more difficult. Postural drainage typically involves positioning the infant in a way that helps mucus drainage from the lungs, which is hindered by the Trendelenburg position.
Choices A, B, and C are not contraindicated as they do not pose the same risks to the infant's breathing and are commonly used in postural drainage techniques.
Extract:
Infant who has a 2-day history of vomiting and an elevated temperature.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for an infant who has a 2-day history of vomiting and an elevated temperature. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as the most reliable indicator of fluid loss?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Body weight. Body weight is the most reliable indicator of fluid loss in infants because weight loss directly reflects fluid loss. Infants are more susceptible to dehydration due to their smaller body size and higher percentage of body water. Monitoring body weight regularly can provide a quantitative measure of fluid loss. Blood pressure (
A) may not be an accurate indicator in infants, as their blood pressure can be affected by various factors. Respiratory rate (
B) may increase with dehydration, but it is not as specific as body weight. Skin integrity (
D) can be affected by factors other than fluid loss.