ATI RN
ATI NUR 180 Pharmacology Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse started a client's gentamicin via an intravenous (IV) route that is programmed to infuse over one hour. Ten minutes after the administration, the client reports dyspnea, generalized rash, and itchiness. What is the priority intervention for this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stop the infusion immediately. This is the priority intervention because the client is experiencing signs of an allergic reaction to gentamicin, which can lead to anaphylaxis. Stopping the infusion will help prevent further exposure to the allergen and reduce the severity of the reaction. Additionally, the nurse should assess the client's vital signs and airway patency, as well as notify the healthcare provider. Administering IV fluids, encouraging deep breaths, or administering oxygen may be necessary depending on the severity of the reaction, but the first step is always to stop the infusion to prevent further harm. Administering an IV fluid bolus or oxygen may help manage symptoms, but they are not the initial priority. Encouraging deep breaths may not be effective in addressing the allergic reaction.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that will be discharged from the hospital in the next hour. The nurse notes that the client is unable to provide self-injections at home. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect for discharge to manage the DVT at home?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Warfarin (Coumadin). Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that can be self-administered at home. It is commonly used to prevent and treat DVT. The nurse should expect this medication for discharge as it allows the client to manage their condition independently. Insulin (
A) is used to manage diabetes, not DVT. Heparin (
C) and Enoxaparin (
D) are injectable anticoagulants that require training for administration, which the client is unable to provide.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer hydration via an intravenous route to a client. The nurse understands that the patient needs an isotonic solution. Which of the following options is considered an isotonic solution?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lactated Ringers (LR) is considered an isotonic solution. LR has an osmolarity close to that of blood plasma, making it isotonic. This means it will not cause fluid shifts across cell membranes.
Choice B, 0.45% Sodium Chloride, is hypotonic and could cause cellular swelling.
Choice C, Dextrose in Lactated Ringers, is hypertonic due to the added dextrose.
Choice D, None of the above, is incorrect as LR is indeed an isotonic solution.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of hypertension. The client notes that he has had hypertension for 3 years and recently stopped taking an antihypertensive medication that has caused a cough in the past from the healthcare provider's order. Based on the client's presentation and history, which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate the healthcare provider will prescribe to this client for his hypertension?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Losartan. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (AR
B) that effectively treats hypertension without causing a cough, which is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like Captopril and Lisinopril. Digoxin is used for heart failure, not hypertension.
Therefore, Losartan would be the most appropriate choice for this client to effectively manage his hypertension without causing a cough.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client that is diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Which of the following medication is a decongestant?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phenylephrine. Phenylephrine is a decongestant commonly used to relieve nasal congestion in conditions such as allergic rhinitis. Decongestants work by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing swelling and congestion.
A: Albuterol is a bronchodilator used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, not a decongestant.
B: Beclomethasone is a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation in conditions like allergic rhinitis, but it is not a decongestant.
C: Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergies, but it does not have decongestant properties.