ATI RN
ATI Nur235 Pediatrics Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Newborn admitted to rule out congenital hypothyroidism.
Question 1 of 5
A newborn is admitted to the pediatric unit to rule out congenital hypothyroidism. Which of the following findings would the nurse expect if this diagnosis is confirmed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bradycardia, constipation, and hypotonia. In congenital hypothyroidism, there is a deficiency of thyroid hormone, leading to decreased metabolic rate. Bradycardia is a common finding due to decreased thyroid hormone affecting the heart rate. Constipation is a result of reduced gut motility caused by hypothyroidism. Hypotonia is seen in infants with hypothyroidism due to impaired muscle function. Elevated serum T3 and T4 (
Choice
B) would be expected in hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Tachycardia, diarrhea, and tremors (
Choice
C) are symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Decreased TSH (
Choice
D) would actually be seen in hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism.
Extract:
4-year-old client undergoing developmental assessment.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is performing a developmental assessment on a 4-year-old client. What assessment finding would warrant further investigation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because speaking in 2-3 word sentences is not developmentally appropriate for a 4-year-old. At this age, children should be capable of more complex language skills, such as forming complete sentences. This finding may indicate a delay in language development, which requires further investigation.
Choices A, B, and C are all within the normal range of behavior for a 4-year-old. Urinary and bowel continence is expected at this age, difficulty tying shoes is common as fine motor skills are still developing, and imaginary friends are a normal part of imaginative play.
Therefore, these findings do not raise immediate concerns for further investigation.
Extract:
Pediatric client diagnosed with pyloric stenosis.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the record of a pediatric client diagnosed with pyloric stenosis. Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to find in the electronic health record?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Projectile vomiting. In pyloric stenosis, there is a narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the small intestine, leading to forceful, projectile vomiting shortly after feeding. This occurs due to the stomach being unable to empty properly. Large amounts of bilious emesis (choice
B) may be present in other conditions like intestinal obstruction, but it is not specific to pyloric stenosis. Watery diarrhea (choice
C) and steatorrhea (choice
D) are not typically associated with pyloric stenosis. Projectile vomiting is the hallmark symptom of pyloric stenosis, making choice A the most likely assessment finding in the electronic health record.
Extract:
Infant admitted with pyloric stenosis.
Question 4 of 5
An infant has been admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of pyloric stenosis. What would the nurse expect in the plan of care for this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Preparation for surgical correction. Pyloric stenosis is a condition where the muscle at the outlet of the stomach thickens, leading to blockage and vomiting. Surgical correction, known as a pyloromyotomy, is the definitive treatment. Analgesic medication (choice
A) is not the primary intervention for pyloric stenosis but may be used postoperatively. Doing a barium enema (choice
C) is not indicated for pyloric stenosis; it is used for other gastrointestinal conditions. Beginning thickened feedings (choice
D) is not appropriate as the infant is unable to digest food properly due to the blockage. Thus, the most appropriate plan of care for the infant with pyloric stenosis is surgical correction to alleviate the blockage and allow for normal feeding.
Extract:
Toddler with iron-deficiency anemia taking iron supplements.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a toddler who has iron-deficiency anemia and is taking iron supplements. Which statement by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Our child's blood count will need to be monitored routinely for several weeks." This statement indicates an understanding of the teaching because monitoring the child's blood count is crucial for assessing the effectiveness of the iron supplements in treating the anemia. Regular monitoring helps ensure the child's iron levels are improving and that the treatment plan is working.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Restricting fiber from our child's diet will help absorption of the iron - This statement is incorrect because fiber actually inhibits iron absorption, so restricting fiber would not help with absorption.
B: The medication may cause blood in the stools - While this is a possible side effect of iron supplements, it does not indicate an understanding of the teaching about monitoring the child's blood count.
D: The medication will be more effective if it is administered with meals - Iron supplements are typically recommended to be taken on an empty stomach for better absorption, so administering with meals is not the best practice