ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Exam NURS 243 Spring 2014 Questions
Extract:
A 6-year-old admitted due to dehydration following a tonsillectomy 26 hours ago, with vital signs: Temperature: 100.9°F, Pulse: 150 bpm, Respiration: 28, Blood Pressure: 88/50, Pain: Throat 10.
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing care for a 6-year-old patient who was admitted due to dehydration following a tonsillectomy 26 hours ago. The patient's vital signs are as follows: Temperature: 100.9°F, Pulse: 150 bpm (apically), Respiration: 28, Blood Pressure: 88/50, Pain: Ears 0, Throat 10 using FACES pain scale, Weight: 40 lbs. Complete the following sentence by using the list of options as evidenced by: The patient is most at risk for:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dehydration. The patient's vital signs indicate tachycardia, hypotension, and fever, which are all signs of dehydration following a tonsillectomy. The increased heart rate (150 bpm) is the body's compensatory mechanism to maintain adequate circulation due to the decreased blood pressure (88/50) caused by dehydration. The elevated temperature (100.9°F) can be a result of the body trying to fight off the dehydration-induced stress. The weight of the patient (40 lbs) is also crucial in determining the extent of dehydration. In summary, the patient is at risk for dehydration due to the postoperative state and the vital signs pointing towards fluid loss.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as there is no evidence in the scenario to support infection, hemorrhage, or aspiration as immediate risks for this patient.
Extract:
Parents obtaining informed consent for a child.
Question 2 of 5
When assisting in obtaining informed consent for a child, which of the following actions were taken?
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: The correct answer is B, C, and D. B is crucial as it ensures parental autonomy and absence of coercion. C is essential in ensuring that the parent understands the potential consequences of their decision. D is important to provide the parent with all available options and risks, fostering an informed decision-making process. A is incorrect as using technical jargon may confuse rather than clarify. E, F, and G were not provided, hence not applicable.
Extract:
A 7-year-old recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis.
Question 3 of 5
The parents of a 7-year-old recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis have received discharge instructions for chest physiotherapy (CPT), use of a flutter valve, and a cough assist machine. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates understanding of the discharge instructions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. This statement indicates an understanding of the purpose of the therapies mentioned in the discharge instructions. Chest physiotherapy, flutter valve, and cough assist machine are all aimed at helping to loosen the child's secretions in the lungs and airways, making it easier for them to cough up and clear mucus. This is crucial for individuals with cystic fibrosis to prevent lung infections and improve respiratory function.
Incorrect answers:
A: Incorrect. These therapies actually help improve respiratory function and reduce the risk of infections.
B: Incorrect. These therapies are part of a routine maintenance plan, not just for when the child is already ill.
D: Incorrect. These therapies are focused on respiratory function, not on the GI tract.
Extract:
An infant with a history of recurrent respiratory infections.
Question 4 of 5
The mother of an infant who has been treated for recurrent respiratory infections asks the nurse why infants are at increased risk for respiratory infections. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Infants have narrower airways, making them more prone to obstruction and trapping of organisms, leading to increased risk of respiratory infections. This physiological difference makes it easier for pathogens to become trapped and cause infection.
Choice A is incorrect as it does not address the anatomical differences in infants' airways.
Choice B is incorrect because the question does not focus on the size of the airways, but rather on their narrowness.
Choice D is incorrect as infants' faster respiratory rates do not directly contribute to increased risk of respiratory infections.
Extract:
A 7-year-old child with burns covering the entire head and both legs.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child with burns covering the entire head and both legs. Using the provided chart, what is the calculated percentage of total body surface area involved?
Correct Answer: 69
Rationale: The correct answer is 69%.
To calculate total body surface area (TBS
A) involved in burns, we use the rule of nines chart. For a child, the head represents 18% of TBSA, each leg represents 14%, totaling 32%. Adding the head and legs, we get 50%. However, since the entire head and both legs are affected, we double the percentage to 100%.
Therefore, the calculated percentage of TBSA involved is 100% - 31% (the unaffected parts) = 69%. This percentage accounts for the areas with burns on the head and both legs. Other choices are incorrect as they do not consider the specific areas involved or miscalculate the TBSA.