ATI RN
ATI N100 Fundamentals Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has hypernatremia and requires IV fluid therapy. Which solution should the nurse prepare to infuse for this client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypotonic solution. In hypernatremia, the client has high serum sodium levels and low water content. A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to the intracellular fluid, which helps to shift water into the cells and dilute the high sodium levels in the blood, correcting the imbalance. Isotonic solution (
A) would not aid in correcting hypernatremia as it has the same osmolarity as blood.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) (
B) provides essential nutrients but does not address the electrolyte imbalance. Hypertonic solution (
C) would worsen hypernatremia by further increasing sodium levels.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is admitting a client who has a serum calcium level of 12.3 mg/dL (9-10.5 mg/dL). Which finding should the nurse expect during the initial assessment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased blood clots. A serum calcium level of 12.3 mg/dL indicates hypercalcemia, which can lead to increased blood coagulability and risk of blood clots. High calcium levels can promote platelet aggregation and stimulate the coagulation cascade. This can result in an increased risk of thrombus formation. Hyperactive bowel sounds (choice
A) are not typically associated with hypercalcemia. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes (choice
C) are more commonly seen in hypocalcemia. Positive Chvostek's sign (choice
D) is a clinical sign of hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client with profuse vomiting and diarrhea. Which finding is a manifestation of hypokalemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Muscle weakness. Hypokalemia is a condition characterized by low potassium levels in the blood, which can lead to muscle weakness due to impaired muscle function. Potassium is essential for proper muscle contraction and a deficiency can result in muscle weakness.
A: Hyperactive bowel sounds are more commonly associated with hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia.
C: Increased thirst is not a specific manifestation of hypokalemia.
D: Cerebral edema is not a typical finding in hypokalemia.
In summary, muscle weakness is a common manifestation of hypokalemia due to the role of potassium in muscle function. The other choices are not typically associated with hypokalemia.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is having fluid volume overload. Which finding should the nurse expect for this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A - Edema
Rationale:
1. Fluid volume overload leads to excess fluid in the interstitial spaces, causing edema.
2. Edema is a classic symptom of fluid volume overload.
3. Oliguria, hypotension, and hyperthermia are not specific to fluid volume overload.
4. Oliguria may occur due to decreased renal perfusion, hypotension is more indicative of hypovolemia, and hyperthermia may suggest infection or hypermetabolic state.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is having fluid volume overload. Which finding should the nurse expect for this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Edema. Fluid volume overload results in an excess of fluid in the body, leading to edema, or swelling due to fluid accumulation in the tissues. This is a common manifestation of fluid overload. Oliguria (
B) is decreased urine output and is more commonly associated with dehydration. Hypotension (
C) is low blood pressure and is not typically a sign of fluid volume overload. Hyperthermia (
D) is high body temperature and is not directly related to fluid overload. In summary, edema is the expected finding in a client experiencing fluid volume overload, making it the correct choice.