ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Nur 20500 Questions
Question 1 of 5
How does an antihistamine work?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: By blocking the effects of histamine in the body. Antihistamines work by binding to histamine receptors, preventing histamine from exerting its effects. Histamine is released during allergic reactions, leading to symptoms like itching, sneezing, and swelling. By blocking histamine, antihistamines alleviate these symptoms.
Choice B is incorrect because antihistamines do not directly reduce inflammation.
Choice C is incorrect because antihistamines do not increase histamine production; they work by the opposite mechanism.
Choice D is incorrect because antihistamines do not stimulate the immune system; they modulate the effects of histamine.
Question 2 of 5
A client is teaching a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for management of hypertension. Which of the following Instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Monitor for leg cramps. This is important because hydrochlorothiazide can cause electrolyte imbalances, leading to muscle cramps, particularly in the legs. By monitoring for leg cramps, the client can alert their healthcare provider if they experience this side effect, allowing for prompt management.
A: Incorrect - Hydrochlorothiazide can lead to low potassium levels, so reducing intake of potassium-rich foods can worsen this imbalance.
B: Incorrect - Taking hydrochlorothiazide before bedtime is not necessary for its effectiveness.
C: Incorrect - There is no specific interaction between hydrochlorothiazide and grape juice that requires avoidance.
In summary, monitoring for leg cramps is crucial to detect and manage potential side effects of hydrochlorothiazide, while the other choices are not directly related to the medication's use or side effects.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer 0.45% sodium chloride (NaCl) 1000 mL IV to infuse over 8 hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To find the correct mL/hr rate, use the formula:
Total mL ÷
Total hours. In this case, 1000 mL ÷ 8 hours = 125 mL/hr. This is the correct answer (
A) because it calculates the rate accurately. Other choices are incorrect as they do not follow the correct formula or provide inconsistent calculations.
Question 4 of 5
ACE inhibitors work on the RAAS to prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Because this blocking occurs in the cells in the lung, which is usually the site of this conversion, the use of ACE inhibitors often results in
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ACE inhibitors work by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the lungs. This can lead to an accumulation of bradykinin, causing irritation and inflammation in the airways, leading to a persistent dry cough. This is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors due to increased bradykinin levels.
Choices B, C, and D are not directly related to the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors on the RAAS and are not commonly associated side effects of ACE inhibitors.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The nurse should plan to administer the client's PRN bethanechol when the client reports which of the following manifestations?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: An inability to void. Bethanechol is a cholinergic medication that helps stimulate the bladder muscle to contract, aiding in urination. In the case of a client post TURP, an inability to void could indicate urinary retention, which bethanechol can help alleviate by promoting bladder emptying. Severe pain (choice
A) would be better managed with analgesics, frequent episodes of painful urination (choice
B) could indicate an infection or inflammation and may require antibiotics, and bladder spasms (choice
D) can be addressed with antispasmodic medications, not bethanechol.