ATI RN
ATI N120n122 Med Surg Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a client receiving a blood transfusion. Which of the following findings indicates an allergic transfusion reaction?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Generalized urticaria, or hives, is a classic sign of an allergic transfusion reaction, presenting as an itchy rash or welts on the skin. Distended jugular veins may indicate fluid overload or congestive heart failure, not an allergic reaction. Bilateral flank pain is more indicative of a hemolytic reaction, particularly due to kidney involvement, rather than an allergic reaction. A blood pressure of 184/92 mm Hg may suggest hypertension or a reaction, but it is not specific to allergic transfusion reactions, which are characterized by skin symptoms like urticaria.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is presenting a community-based program about HIV and AIDS. A client asks the nurse to describe the initial symptoms experienced with HIV infection. Which manifestation(s) should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flu-like symptoms and night sweats are common initial manifestations of acute HIV infection, often occurring within 2-4 weeks after exposure. Fungal and bacterial infections can occur later as the immune system becomes compromised, but they are not initial symptoms of HIV infection. Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer associated with advanced HIV/AIDS and not an initial symptom of infection. Pneumocystis lung infection typically occurs later in the course of HIV disease when the immune system is severely weakened, not during the initial infection stage.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following are components of the complete blood count (CBC)? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Hemoglobin level is a key component of the CBC, reflecting the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. White blood cell count is included in the CBC and is important for assessing the immune response. Platelet count is also part of the CBC and is essential for evaluating clotting function. Red blood cell count is included in the CBC and is crucial for assessing overall blood health and anemia status. Blood glucose level is not part of the CBC; it is typically measured separately in metabolic panels or glucose tests.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. Which of the following can be anticipated will be a trigger for a sickle cell crisis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dehydration is a significant trigger for sickle cell crises, as it can lead to increased blood viscosity and sickling of red blood cells. Over-hydration is not a trigger for a sickle cell crisis; in fact, adequate hydration helps prevent sickling of the cells. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often used to manage pain associated with sickle cell crises, but they do not trigger a crisis. Vaccinations are important for preventing infections in individuals with sickle cell anemia but are not associated with triggering a sickle cell crisis.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is postoperative and has anemia due to excess blood loss following surgery. The client's hemoglobin is at 7 g/dL. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect this client to report?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue is a common symptom in clients with anemia, particularly when hemoglobin levels are low, as there is reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, leading to feelings of weakness and tiredness. Diarrhea is not typically associated with anemia. Hypertension is unlikely; hypotension may be more expected. Bradycardia is not typical; tachycardia is more common.