ATI Fundamental Exam Chapter 25 Candile | Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The normal range of serum calcium in adults is 8.50 to 10.50 mg/dL. This range is considered normal because it reflects the appropriate levels necessary for various physiological functions, including muscle contraction, nerve function, and bone health. Calcium levels below this range can lead to conditions like hypocalcemia, causing muscle spasms and numbness, while levels above can lead to hypercalcemia, causing kidney stones and bone pain.
Choice A is too low for normal calcium levels, B is also low, D is too high, and E, F, G are not provided.
Therefore, the correct answer is C as it falls within the normal range for serum calcium in adults.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Metabolic acidosis uncompensated. The pH is below normal (acidosis), HCO3- is also below normal (indicating metabolic component), and PaCO2 is within normal range (not compensating for the acidosis). This indicates a primary metabolic acidosis without respiratory compensation.

Choices A and B are incorrect because the patient's pH is below normal, ruling out alkalosis.
Choice C is incorrect as the PaCO2 is within normal range, not consistent with respiratory acidosis. Ensure the patient receives appropriate treatment for metabolic acidosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Active transport. Active transport requires cellular energy in the form of ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient. This process involves specific carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane that actively pump substances across the membrane. On the other hand, Filtration (
A) is a passive process driven by pressure gradients, Diffusion (
C) is a passive process where molecules move from high to low concentration, and Osmosis (
D) is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane without energy input. In summary, active transport is distinct in its requirement for cellular energy, making it the correct choice in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Glucose. Glucose is a nonelectrolyte because it does not dissociate into ions in solution. Electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, dissociate into ions and conduct electricity. Amino acids, magnesium, and phosphates are electrolytes as they dissociate in solution. Glucose, being a sugar molecule, remains intact and does not contribute to the electrical conductivity of a solution.
Therefore, it is classified as a nonelectrolyte.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Elderly patients with fever, nausea, and vomiting are at the highest risk for dehydration due to increased fluid loss from fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Fever leads to increased sweating, while nausea and vomiting result in fluid loss from the body. Elderly individuals may already have reduced fluid reserves, making them more susceptible to dehydration. The other choices are not as high-risk because: B: intentional fluid restriction may lead to dehydration but typically takes longer; C: diarrhea can cause dehydration, but it is more easily managed with oral rehydration solutions; D: infants may be at risk for dehydration but typically have higher fluid reserves compared to the elderly.