ATI RN
ATI Fundamental Exam Chapter 25 Candile Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a potassium deficiency. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best source of potassium?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: One banana. Bananas are a rich source of potassium, which is essential for maintaining proper fluid balance, muscle function, and nerve transmission in the body. One medium-sized banana contains around 422mg of potassium, making it an excellent choice for replenishing potassium levels. Wheat bread (
A), cantaloupe (
B), and cheddar cheese (
D) do contain some potassium, but not as much as bananas. Choosing any of these options over a banana would not be as effective in addressing a potassium deficiency.
Question 2 of 5
Which may cause hyperkalemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Renal failure. Renal failure can lead to hyperkalemia due to a decrease in potassium excretion by the kidneys. In renal failure, the kidneys are unable to properly regulate potassium levels, leading to an accumulation of potassium in the blood. Diarrhea (choice
B) can actually cause hypokalemia by excessive loss of potassium through stool. Blood transfusion (choice
C) and diaphoresis (choice
D) do not directly cause hyperkalemia.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with respiratory insufficiency. The arterial blood gas (ABG) results indicate a pH of 7.50 and a PaCO2 of 30 mm Hg and the nurse concludes that the client is experiencing respiratory alkalosis. Which additional laboratory value would the nurse expect to note in this client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L. In respiratory alkalosis, there is a decrease in PaCO2 levels leading to a shift in hydrogen ions causing hypokalemia. Potassium levels drop as hydrogen ions move into cells in exchange for potassium ions to maintain electroneutrality.
Therefore, the nurse would expect a low potassium level in this client.
A: Sodium level is not directly related to respiratory alkalosis.
B: Magnesium level is not directly related to respiratory alkalosis.
C: Phosphorus level is not directly related to respiratory alkalosis.
Question 4 of 5
The patient who was admitted after vomiting for 3 days would show an abnormally low blood pressure because of a fluid shift from:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: intravascular to the interstitial. When a patient vomits for 3 days, they experience dehydration leading to decreased blood volume. This fluid shift causes a decrease in intravascular volume, leading to a drop in blood pressure.
Choices A, B, and C involve shifts that do not directly relate to the decrease in blood pressure in this scenario. Option D is the most appropriate as it explains the fluid shift that results in the low blood pressure seen in the patient.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is aware that small ions such as glucose oxygen and carbon dioxide redistribute themselves through semipermeable membranes by a process called
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diffusion is the correct answer. It is the process by which small ions like glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide move through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This movement occurs until equilibrium is reached. Osmosis involves the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane. Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels and is not directly related to the movement of small ions through membranes. Rehydration is the process of restoring lost fluids in the body and is not related to the movement of ions through membranes.