ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 8 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with a history of Addison's disease and flu-like symptoms accompanied by nausea and vomiting over the past week is brought to the facility. His wife reports that he acted confused and was extremely weak when he awoke that morning. The client's blood pressure is 90/58 mm Hg, his pulse is 116 beats/minute, and his temperature is 101° F (38.3° C). A diagnosis of acute adrenal insufficiency is made. What should the nurse expect to administer by I.V. infusion?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute adrenal insufficiency is a life-threatening condition characterized by a sudden deficiency of adrenal hormones. Intravenous glucocorticoids such as methylprednisolone are administered to replace the deficient hormones and stabilize the patient.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with Addison's disease who is scheduled for discharge. When teaching the patient about hormone replacement therapy, the nurse should address what topic?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with Addison's disease require life-long steroid replacement therapy to compensate for the deficiency in adrenal hormones, essential for preventing adrenal crisis.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with a longstanding diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder presents to the emergency room. The triage nurse notes upon an assessment that the patient is hyperventilating. The triage nurse is aware that hyperventilation is the MOST common cause of which acid-base imbalance?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperventilation causes excessive loss of carbon dioxide, leading to decreased PaCO2 and increased blood pH, resulting in respiratory alkalosis.
Question 4 of 5
A client is being treated on the medical unit for a sickle cell crisis. The nurse's most recent assessment reveals an oral temperature of 100.5°F and a new onset of fine crackles on lung auscultation. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated temperature and fine crackles suggest a potential respiratory infection, a serious concern in sickle cell disease, requiring immediate notification of the primary care provider.
Question 5 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease has chronic anemia. What pharmacologic alternative to blood transfusion may be used for this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production, addressing anemia in chronic kidney disease where erythropoietin production is reduced.