ATI RN
ATI Custom Pediatrics Comprehensive Exam Questions
Extract:
Infant with cerebral palsy
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching the parents of an infant with cerebral palsy on how to provide optimal care. What should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Preserve muscle tone to prevent joint contractures. This is important in caring for an infant with cerebral palsy as preserving muscle tone helps prevent joint contractures, which can lead to decreased range of motion and mobility. It is crucial to maintain the flexibility of muscles to promote optimal movement and prevent further complications. Offering a special formula to limit gagging (
A) is not directly related to caring for cerebral palsy. Maintaining immobility of limbs with splints (
B) can worsen muscle stiffness and decrease mobility. Focusing on cognitive rather than motor skills (
D) is not the priority in caring for cerebral palsy, as physical function is a primary concern.
Extract:
18-month-old child
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is planning care for an 18 month-old child. Which of the following should be included in the child's care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encourage the child to feed himself finger foods. At 18 months, children are developing independence and fine motor skills. Encouraging self-feeding with finger foods promotes autonomy and enhances motor skills.
Choice A is incorrect as social interactions with other children are significant but not a priority in this scenario.
Choice C is incorrect as allowing the child to walk independently on a nursing unit can pose safety risks.
Choice D is incorrect as holding and cuddling are essential but not specifically related to the child's developmental needs at this age.
Extract:
Neonate with anterior fontanel
Question 3 of 5
The nervous parent asks when the big 'soft spot' (anterior fontanel) will be closed. The nurse's most informative response would be
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The big soft spot is usually closed between 12 and 18 months of age. This is because the closure of the anterior fontanelle typically occurs around this time frame in a healthy infant's development. By 12 to 18 months, the skull bones have sufficiently grown and fused together, leading to the closure of the soft spot. This closure is an indicator of normal brain development and maturation.
Choice A is incorrect as the closure of the anterior fontanelle typically occurs later than the end of the second month.
Choice B is also incorrect as 24 months is typically too late for the closure of the big soft spot.
Choice D is incorrect as while there may be variations in the timing of closure, the general timeframe is still between 12 and 18 months for a healthy infant.
Extract:
Client with HIV
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. Which of the following laboratory values is the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: CD4-T-cell count 180 cells/mm³. The CD4-T-cell count is crucial in evaluating the immune status of a person with HIV. A count of 180 cells/mm³ indicates severe immunosuppression and an increased risk of opportunistic infections. Monitoring and maintaining the CD4 count above certain levels are essential for guiding treatment decisions and preventing complications.
Incorrect options:
A: Positive Western blot test - This confirms HIV infection but does not provide information on disease progression or immune status.
C: Platelets 150,000/mm³ - Platelet count is important, but it is not the priority in this scenario as it does not directly reflect the immune function.
D: WBC 5,000/mm³ - White blood cell count is important for assessing overall immune function but not as specific or critical as the CD4 count in HIV management.
Extract:
16-year-old with advanced osteosarcoma and metastasis to the lungs
Question 5 of 5
A 16-year-old has been admitted to the hospital for advanced osteosarcoma with metastasis to the lungs. His prognosis is poor. He is continuing to require oxygen and needs to remain in the hospital for monitoring. The adolescent is very frustrated and states that he doesn't want to stay in the hospital and wants to be with his friends. Which of the following is the best option?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Arrange a multi-disciplinary team meeting, including the teenager and his family to discuss the situation and set goals together. This option is the best because it involves the patient and his family in the decision-making process, respecting their autonomy and providing emotional support. By including a multi-disciplinary team, medical professionals can address the adolescent's frustrations, provide information about his condition, and collaborate with the family to set realistic goals for his care. This approach promotes shared decision-making, empowers the patient, and ensures that his emotional and psychological needs are addressed.
Option A is incorrect because it dismisses the adolescent's feelings and minimizes his legitimate frustrations. Option B is not as effective as option D in addressing the emotional and psychological needs of the patient. Option C may provide temporary distraction but does not address the underlying issue of the patient's frustration and desire to be with his friends.