ATI RN
ATI n200 Pharmacology Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client who is mentally impaired is incontinent of stool. What is the nurse's best intervention to help prevent skin breakdown?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Check the rectal area for soiling frequently. This is the best intervention because it allows the nurse to promptly identify any stool leakage and provide appropriate cleaning and skin care. By checking frequently, the nurse can prevent prolonged exposure to stool, which can lead to skin breakdown and irritation. Placing a pad under the buttocks (
Choice
A) may help absorb some stool, but it does not address the need for proper cleaning. Washing the buttocks with strong soap and water (
Choice
C) can be harsh on the skin and may cause further irritation. Placing the call bell within reach (
Choice
D) is important for communication but does not directly address the issue of preventing skin breakdown.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse, who is assessing a client with peripheral vascular disease, notes that the client has no hair on the legs and has thick toenails. Which statement best describes the cause of this finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased oxygen to the tissues causes changes in hair growth and nail texture. In peripheral vascular disease, poor circulation leads to decreased oxygen delivery to the extremities, resulting in reduced hair growth and thickened toenails. This is known as peripheral vascular disease-related changes.
Choice A is incorrect because these findings are not considered normal based solely on age.
Choice B is incorrect as hair loss and thick toenails do not directly indicate a blood clot requiring immediate intervention.
Choice D is incorrect as the changes are not primarily hereditary or related to fungus.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse auscultates a S4 heart sound during the morning assessment of a client. Which additional assessment data would correlate with this finding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because an S4 heart sound is indicative of decreased compliance of the left ventricle, often seen in conditions like heart failure. Crackles at lung bases are associated with fluid accumulation in the lungs, a common finding in heart failure due to backward congestion. The other options are not directly related to an S4 heart sound. B is a normal finding for pedal pulses. C, pericardial friction rub, is associated with pericarditis, not left ventricular dysfunction. D, a heart rate of 50 bpm, is not specific to an S4 sound and could be normal for some individuals.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is assisting a client diagnosed with hypertension with menu selection. Which items should the nurse suggest?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Baked salmon, fresh broccoli, brown rice, and fresh fruit. This menu selection is ideal for a client with hypertension because it includes foods that are low in sodium, saturated fats, and cholesterol. Baked salmon is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, which can help lower blood pressure. Fresh broccoli is high in fiber and antioxidants, promoting heart health. Brown rice is a whole grain that is lower in sodium and can help regulate blood pressure. Fresh fruits provide essential vitamins and minerals without added sugars.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they include high-sodium and high-fat foods like french fries, mashed potatoes, fried flounder, and cake, which can exacerbate hypertension.
Choice C also includes white rice, which is a refined grain lacking the beneficial nutrients found in brown rice.
In summary, the nurse should suggest menu items like baked salmon, fresh broccoli, brown rice, and fresh fruit to support the client's hypertension management
Question 5 of 5
The nurse obtains a prescription for furosemide 40 mg IV for a client who has pulmonary congestion as the result of fluid volume overload. The nurse assesses the vital signs to be T-98.6, P-110, RR-24 and BP-90/60. What is the most appropriate action at this time?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Withhold the dose and reassess the blood pressure in 30 minutes. The client's low blood pressure (90/60) indicates hypotension, which can be exacerbated by the administration of furosemide, a diuretic that can further decrease blood pressure. Withholding the dose allows the nurse to monitor the client's blood pressure closely and reassess for signs of hypotension before administering the medication. This cautious approach prioritizes the safety of the client by preventing potential complications from administering the medication when the blood pressure is already low.
Choice B is incorrect because administering the medication without addressing the low blood pressure could worsen the client's condition.
Choice C is incorrect as it does not address the existing low blood pressure.
Choice D is incorrect as oral furosemide may not be appropriate for a client with acute pulmonary congestion and fluid overload.