ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Exam I Questions
Extract:
A neonate is displaying mottled skin, has a large fontanel and tongue, is lethargic, and is having difficulty feeding.
Question 1 of 5
A neonate is displaying mottled skin, has a large fontanel and tongue, is lethargic, and is having difficulty feeding. The nurse recognizes that this is most suggestive of which disorder?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypothyroidism. The neonate's symptoms of mottled skin, large fontanel, large tongue, lethargy, and feeding difficulty are indicative of congenital hypothyroidism. The large fontanel and tongue are characteristic of hypothyroidism, and the mottled skin may be due to poor circulation associated with the condition. Lethargy and feeding difficulties are common in infants with hypothyroidism due to decreased energy levels and metabolism. Hypoglycemia (choice
A) typically presents with jitteriness, sweating, and poor feeding. Hypocalcemia (choice
C) presents with muscle tremors, twitching, and seizures. Phenylketonuria (PKU) (choice
D) presents with a musty odor, intellectual disability, and seizures.
Extract:
A mother reports that her child has episodes where he appears to be staring into space.
Question 2 of 5
A mother reports that her child has episodes where he appears to be staring into space. This behaviour is characteristic of which type of seizure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absence seizures. These seizures are characterized by brief periods of staring into space or subtle body movements. The child may appear to be daydreaming or zoning out. Atonic seizures (
A) involve sudden loss of muscle tone, simple partial seizures (
C) involve localized symptoms without loss of awareness, and tonic-clonic seizures (
D) involve both tonic (stiffening) and clonic (jerking) phases. The other choices do not align with the description of the child's behavior provided in the question.
Extract:
When a 2-week-old infant is seen for irritability, poor appetite, and rapid head growth with observable distended scalp veins.
Question 3 of 5
When a 2-week-old infant is seen for irritability, poor appetite, and rapid head growth with observable distended scalp veins, the nurse recognizes these signs as indicative of which disorder?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hydrocephalus. In a 2-week-old infant presenting with irritability, poor appetite, rapid head growth, and distended scalp veins, these signs are classic indicators of hydrocephalus. Rapid head growth is a key feature of hydrocephalus due to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. The distended scalp veins are a result of increased intracranial pressure. Irritability and poor appetite can be attributed to the discomfort and pressure caused by the condition. Cerebral palsy (
A) is a motor disorder, not typically associated with rapid head growth. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) (
B) involves abnormal water balance regulation, not head growth. Reye's syndrome (
D) is characterized by acute encephalopathy and liver dysfunction, unrelated to head growth or scalp veins in this context.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
Which is assessed with Tanner staging?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Secondary sex characteristic. Tanner staging is a scale used to assess the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty. It categorizes physical changes such as breast development in females and genital growth in males. This staging system helps healthcare providers track and monitor the progression of puberty.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly correlate with Tanner staging. Growth hormone secretion and hormone levels may play a role in puberty but are not specifically assessed by Tanner staging. Hyperthyroidism is a medical condition unrelated to puberty development.
Question 5 of 5
Which factor predisposes the urinary tract to infection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Short urethra in young girls. A shorter urethra in young girls makes it easier for bacteria to travel up the urinary tract, leading to infections. Prostatic secretions (
A) do not directly predispose to UTIs. Frequent emptying of the bladder (
C) and increased fluid intake (
D) are actually protective factors against UTIs by flushing out bacteria.