ATI RN
ATI Nur 180 Pharmacology quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
When caring for a client with an upper respiratory infection (URI), the nurse is notified the client is taking guaifenesin (Mucinex). What is the mechanism of action of guaifenesin (Mucinex)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Loosen bronchial secretion to assist in elimination. Guaifenesin works as an expectorant by increasing the volume and reducing the viscosity of respiratory tract secretions, helping to clear mucus and make coughing more productive in clients with URI.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not describe the mechanism of action of guaifenesin. Option A refers to a vasoconstrictive action, which is not the function of guaifenesin. Option B mentions competing with histamine, which is the mechanism of antihistamines, not expectorants like guaifenesin. Option C is related to treating allergic rhinitis and motion sickness, not the intended action of guaifenesin in URI.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client currently taking oxymetazoline. Which of the following statements should the nurse include regarding oxymetazoline?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Limit use of the drug to 3 days to prevent rebound nasal congestion. Oxymetazoline is a nasal decongestant that should be used for short-term relief of nasal congestion due to colds or allergies. Prolonged use can lead to rebound congestion when stopped, hence the recommendation to limit use to 3 days. Option B is incorrect as oxymetazoline is not used for asthma. Option C is incorrect as the effects of oxymetazoline are usually seen within minutes, not a week. Option D is incorrect as oxymetazoline is typically used during the day and does not cause drowsiness.
Question 3 of 5
A client frequently takes diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to alleviate his upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergies. Which of the following mechanism of actions applies to diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: blocks effects of histamine by competing and occupying H1 receptor sites. Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine that works by blocking the effects of histamine at the H1 receptor sites. By occupying these sites, diphenhydramine prevents histamine from binding and causing allergic symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and runny nose.
Choice A is incorrect because diphenhydramine does not stimulate the effects of histamine; it actually blocks them.
Choice C is incorrect because diphenhydramine targets H1 receptors, not H2 receptors.
Choice D is incorrect because diphenhydramine does not stimulate the effects of histamine or increase the amount of H2 receptor sites.
Question 4 of 5
A client is being discharged with a cromolyn (Intal) inhaler to assist in the treatment of asthma. The nurse should include which information in the discharge teaching for this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use this inhaler 15 minutes prior to physical activity. Cromolyn (Intal) is a mast cell stabilizer that helps prevent asthma symptoms triggered by exercise. By using it 15 minutes before physical activity, the medication can provide optimal protection.
Choice B is incorrect because tachycardia is not a common adverse effect of cromolyn.
Choice C is incorrect because cromolyn does not need to be tapered off and can be stopped abruptly.
Choice D is incorrect as cromolyn is administered via inhaler, not injections, and is used regularly to manage asthma, not just weekly.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is administering diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to a client experiencing a minor allergic reaction. Which information would the nurse include in the client's teaching plan regarding diphenhydramine (Benadryl)? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: C,E
Rationale:
C: The nurse should include in the teaching plan to avoid CNS depressants while taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) because both substances can cause additive sedative effects, increasing the risk of drowsiness and impaired coordination.
E: Paradoxical reactions, such as agitation or hyperactivity, can occur with diphenhydramine (Benadryl), especially in children and older adults. It's important for the client to be aware of this potential side effect and report any unusual reactions to their healthcare provider promptly.
Incorrect
Choices:
A: Diphenhydramine targets H1 receptors, not H2 receptors, to alleviate allergy symptoms.
B: Diphenhydramine can be taken with or without food, but taking it on an empty stomach is not necessary. Drowsiness is a common side effect of diphenhydramine, not a requirement to take it on an empty stomach.