ATI RN
ATI Nur 180 Pharmacology quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client with a new diagnosis of asthma. Which of the following medications should the nurse instruct the client to use when experiencing an acute asthma attack?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Albuterol. During an acute asthma attack, a short-acting beta-agonist like albuterol is the first-line medication to quickly relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow. Albuterol works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, providing rapid relief of symptoms. It is a rescue medication used for quick relief during acute exacerbations. Other choices like A: Ipratropium bromide is a short-acting anticholinergic used as an additional bronchodilator but is not the first choice for acute attacks. C: Salmeterol is a long-acting beta-agonist used for maintenance therapy, not for acute attacks. D: Budesonide is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term control, not for immediate relief during an acute attack.
Question 2 of 5
A client who suffers from severe persistent allergic asthma is prescribed omalizumab (Xolair). Which statement below correctly describes the mechanism of action associated with omalizumab (Xolair)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Omalizumab (Xolair) selectively binds to IgE, reducing allergic mediators and asthma attacks. IgE is involved in the allergic response by triggering the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators. By binding to IgE, omalizumab prevents it from triggering the allergic cascade, thereby reducing asthma attacks.
Choice A is incorrect because omalizumab does not directly inhibit the production of leukotrienes and histamine.
Choice B is incorrect as omalizumab does not inhibit mast cells from releasing histamine.
Choice D is incorrect as omalizumab does not stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who presents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), Which of the following task can the nurse delegate to the UAP?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assist the client with oral hygiene following inhaled corticosteroid administration by the nurse. This task can be delegated to the UAP as it involves providing basic oral care after a medication has been administered by the nurse. The UAP can help ensure the client's mouth is clean and free of any residue from the inhaled corticosteroid, promoting oral health and comfort.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Administering albuterol via inhalation device requires assessment and monitoring by a licensed healthcare provider.
B: Performing the initial respiratory assessment to determine baseline respiratory rate requires critical thinking and clinical judgment, which are beyond the scope of practice for a UAP.
D: Assessing lung sounds to determine wheezing requires specialized knowledge and skill to accurately interpret findings, making it inappropriate to delegate to a UAP.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer promethazine 1.5mg/kg to a pediatric client. The child weighs 80 pounds. Available is promethazine 40mg/5ml. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round to the nearest tenth. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the dose, first convert the child's weight from pounds to kg (80 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 36.36 kg).
Then, calculate the dose: 1.5mg/kg x 36.36 kg = 54.54 mg. Next, determine the volume needed: 54.54 mg ÷ 40 mg/5ml = 6.8175 mL, rounded to 6.8 mL. The correct answer is A (6.8 mL) as it accurately calculates the required dose based on the child's weight and the concentration of the medication. Other choices are incorrect as they do not follow the correct conversion and calculation steps, leading to inaccurate dosing.
Question 5 of 5
A client is being discharged with a cromolyn (Intal) inhaler to assist in the treatment of asthma. The nurse should include which information in the discharge teaching for this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use this inhaler 15 minutes prior to physical activity. Cromolyn (Intal) is a mast cell stabilizer that helps prevent asthma symptoms triggered by exercise. By using it 15 minutes before physical activity, the medication can provide optimal protection.
Choice B is incorrect because tachycardia is not a common adverse effect of cromolyn.
Choice C is incorrect because cromolyn does not need to be tapered off and can be stopped abruptly.
Choice D is incorrect as cromolyn is administered via inhaler, not injections, and is used regularly to manage asthma, not just weekly.