ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 10 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is talking to a client who is taking a calcium supplement for osteoporosis. The client tells the nurse she is experiencing flank pain. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flank pain can be a symptom of kidney stones, which can occur due to excessive calcium supplementation.
Question 2 of 5
Maria, an elementary student, was rushed to the hospital due to vomiting and a decreased level of consciousness. The patient displays slow and deep (Kussmaul breathing), and he is lethargic and irritable in response to stimulation. He appears to be dehydrated-his eyes are sunken and mucous membranes are dry-and he has a two-week history of polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.0, PaO2 90 mm Hg, PaCO2 23 mm Hg, and HCO3 12 mmol/L; other results are Na+ 126 mmol/L, K+ 5 mmol/L, and Cl-95 mmol/L. What is your assessment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is indicated by a low pH and a decreased bicarbonate (HCO3) level. The body attempts to compensate by hyperventilating, evidenced by Kussmaul breathing, to decrease PaCO2. This compensation is partial because the pH is still significantly lower than normal.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a client who the provider suspects has metabolic acidosis. Which of the following results should the nurse expect to see?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decreased pH.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. For which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis can lead to potassium depletion causing muscle weakness, decreased calcium ionization causing circumoral paresthesia, and cerebral vasoconstriction causing dizziness.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for four clients. The nurse should recognize which of the following clients has a manifestation of hypoparathyroidism?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A manifestation of hypoparathyroidism would be a high phosphate level due to the low production of parathyroid hormone, which is responsible for regulating calcium and phosphate levels. It leads to reduced phosphate excretion.