ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 10 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Anna's mother has been suffering from persistent vomiting for two days now. She appears to be lethargic and weak and has myalgia. She is noted to have dry mucus membranes and her capillary refill takes >4 seconds. She is diagnosed as having gastroenteritis and dehydration. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.5, PaO2 85 mm Hg, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, and HCO3 34 mmol/L. What acid-base disorder is shown?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The elevated pH (7.5) and HCO3 (34 mmol/L) indicate metabolic alkalosis. The slightly elevated PaCO2 (40 mm Hg) suggests partial respiratory compensation attempting to correct the alkalosis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a client who the provider suspects has metabolic acidosis. Which of the following results should the nurse expect to see?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decreased pH.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has hyperthyroidism. The nurse should expect the client to report which of the following manifestations?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism can lead to emotional lability, anxiety, and irritability due to increased metabolic rate.
Question 4 of 5
A staff nurse is teaching a client who has Addison's disease about the disease process. The client asks the nurse what causes Addison's disease. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This is the correct explanation of the cause of Addison's disease, which involves adrenal insufficiency.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medication record for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following medications should the nurse identify as having the potential to cause nephrotoxicity?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vancomycin is an antibiotic that can cause nephrotoxicity, especially when administered in high doses or in individuals with impaired renal function. Monitoring renal function is crucial when using vancomycin.