ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 10 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A woman was brought to the emergency department of a hospital after she fell into the ground and hurt her left leg. She is noted to be tachycardic and tachypneic. Painkillers were carried out to lessen her pain. Suddenly, she started complaining that she is still in pain and now experiencing muscle cramps, tingling, and paraesthesia. Measurement of arterial blood gas reveals pH 7.6, PaO2 120 mm Hg, PaCO2 31 mm Hg, and HCO3 25 mmol/L. What does this mean?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The arterial blood gas values indicate a pH of 7.6, suggesting alkalosis. The low PaCO2 at 31 mm Hg indicates hyperventilation, a respiratory process. The normal HCO3 suggests no metabolic involvement, and the lack of renal adjustment indicates an uncompensated state.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetes insipidus. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dehydration is a hallmark finding in diabetes insipidus due to excessive urination and fluid loss. Clients with diabetes insipidus may exhibit signs of dehydration, such as dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, and hypotension.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has respiratory acidosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lethargy and altered mental status are common manifestations of respiratory acidosis due to the effects of hypercapnia (elevated PaCO2) on the central nervous system.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a history of recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adequate fluid intake, typically recommended at least 3 liters (about 100 ounces) per day, helps dilute urine and reduce the concentration of stone-forming substances, thereby reducing the risk of kidney stone formation.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values for a client. The pH is 7.32, PaCO2 48 mm Hg and the HCO3 is 23 mEq/L. The nurse should recognize that these findings indicate which of the following acid base balances?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pH is below the normal range (7.35-7.45), indicating acidosis. The PaCO2 is elevated, indicating respiratory acidosis, as an increase in PaCO2 leads to an increase in carbonic acid and a decrease in pH.