Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Approximately 4 to 8 L per minute. Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, typically ranging between 4 to 8 liters.

Choices A, C, and D provide ranges that are either too narrow or outside the standard average values for cardiac output, making them incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Cor pulmonale, a condition where the right ventricle of the heart fails due to increased pressure in the lungs, commonly caused by chronic lung diseases like COPD. Pulmonary embolism (choice
B) is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, usually caused by a blood clot. Aortic stenosis (choice
C) is a narrowing of the aortic valve opening that restricts blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (choice
D) is a genetic condition where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, making it harder for the heart to pump blood.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct action when a client on amiodarone develops a cough, which can be a sign of pulmonary toxicity, a serious side effect of amiodarone, is to notify the healthcare provider immediately. This is crucial because pulmonary toxicity can lead to severe complications if not addressed promptly.

Choices B and C are incorrect as they do not address the potential severity of the situation and may delay necessary intervention.
Choice D of discontinuing amiodarone immediately without consulting the healthcare provider can be risky, as sudden discontinuation of the medication may have adverse effects on the client's condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pneumonia is the correct answer. It is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, leading to the accumulation of fluid or pus, which results in symptoms such as cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Tuberculosis (choice
B) is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs but does not typically cause the same acute symptoms as described. Asthma (choice
C) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, not specifically involving the air sacs. Bronchitis (choice
D) is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not the air sacs in the lungs, and does not typically cause the same symptoms as pneumonia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Angioplasty. Angioplasty is a procedure where a catheter is used to open blocked coronary arteries and may involve the insertion of a stent to improve blood flow to the heart muscle. Stent placement (
B) is a related procedure but specifically refers to the insertion of a stent. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (
C) is a surgical procedure that uses blood vessels to bypass blocked coronary arteries. Valve replacement (
D) is a different procedure that involves replacing a heart valve, not opening blocked coronary arteries.