ATI RN
ATI Nurs 2000 Fundamentals Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is educating a group of senior citizens about the physiological changes that occur with aging. Which of the following changes should the nurse include in the discussion? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: As people age the stiffness of the arterial system increases leading to left ventricle hypertrophy increased afterload on the left ventricle and an increase in systolic blood pressure. This is a physiological change that occurs with aging. With aging the number of cells in the kidneys decreases markedly which can affect the functioning of the urinary tract including the bladder. This can lead to a reduced bladder capacity. This statement is incorrect. As people age they often experience a decrease in visual acuity and an increased sensitivity to glare. This can make it more difficult for older adults to see especially in brightly lit environments. Dehydration of intervertebral discs is a common occurrence with aging. This can lead to a decrease in height and changes in the curvature of the spine. As people age their cough reflex can become reduced. This can increase the risk of aspiration and pneumonia especially in individuals with other health conditions that affect swallowing.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing an older adult patient who is experiencing age-related changes. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased joint stiffness is a common age-related change in older adults. Increased muscle mass is not typically an age-related change. In fact older adults often experience a decrease in muscle mass a condition known as sarcopenia. Increased calcification of bones is not a typical age-related change. Older adults are more likely to experience osteoporosis a condition characterized by a decrease in bone density. Decreased balance is a common age-related change but it is not the correct answer for this question.
Question 3 of 5
A client with trigeminal neuralgia has been given suggestions to minimize episodes of pain. Which statement if made by the client would indicate the need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Eating food that is either very warm or very cold can trigger pain in individuals with trigeminal neuralgia.
Therefore if a client made this statement it would indicate the need for further teaching. Chewing on the unaffected side can help minimize episodes of pain in trigeminal neuralgia. Rinsing the mouth if tooth brushing is too painful is a good strategy for managing trigeminal neuralgia. Washing the face with cotton pads can help minimize episodes of pain in trigeminal neuralgia.
Question 4 of 5
While assessing the breath sounds of a client with Parkinson's disease a nurse hears adventitious sounds. How should the client's nutritional needs be met?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For a client with Parkinson's disease who has difficulty swallowing or chewing due to muscle rigidity semi-solid food with thick liquids can be easier to swallow and reduce the risk of choking. Minced foods and fluid restriction may not provide the necessary nutrients and hydration for a client with Parkinson's disease. A low-residue diet which is low in fiber may not be appropriate for a client with Parkinson's disease as constipation is a common symptom of the disease and fiber can help alleviate this.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a method of feeding that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. It is typically reserved for clients who cannot or should not get their nutrition through eating.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing a fall risk assessment for a client. Which of the following findings place the client at risk for a fall? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: An electrical cord on the floor over a walkway can pose a tripping hazard increasing the risk of falls. It's important to keep walkways clear of any obstacles to prevent falls. Using a cane to ambulate does not necessarily increase the risk of falls. In fact canes are often used to improve balance and stability reducing the risk of falls. However it's important that the cane is used correctly and is the right height for the individual. Unsecured throw rugs especially over a slippery surface like a tile floor can easily cause someone to slip and fall. It's recommended to secure rugs with non-slip backing or remove them entirely from high-traffic areas. Macular degeneration can lead to vision loss which can increase the risk of falls. Individuals with vision impairments may not be able to see hazards in their path making them more prone to falls.