ATI RN
ATI Nurs 2000 Fundamentals Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching a class about sources of stress. The nurse should include that which of the following is an example of a psychological stressor?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A wrist fracture is a physical stressor not a psychological one. It involves damage to the body's structures. A burn injury like a wrist fracture is a physical stressor. It involves physical harm to the body. Financial difficulties are a type of psychological stressor. They involve challenges and worries related to money which can cause mental and emotional stress. Hypothermia is a physical stressor. It involves a dangerously low body temperature and is a medical emergency.
Question 2 of 5
A client is newly diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). What instruction should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This statement is not accurate. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is characterized by periods of new symptoms or relapses that develop over days or weeks and usually improve partially or completely. These episodes are followed by periods of remission where the disease does not progress.
Therefore RRMS does not cause a steady and gradual decline in function. This is the correct answer. Stress and extreme fatigue can trigger a relapse in RRMS.
Therefore it is important for patients to avoid these triggers to manage their symptoms effectively. This statement is incorrect. RRMS is the most common disease course at the time of diagnosis. It is not the least common type of multiple sclerosis. This statement is not accurate. Medications for RRMS known as disease-modifying treatments (DMT) are designed to reduce the frequency and severity of relapses. They are not intended to be taken only during times of relapse but rather on an ongoing basis to manage the disease.
Question 3 of 5
The patient with glaucoma is usually started on the lowest dose of medication. Which of the following is the preferred initial ophthalmic medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are not typically the first line of treatment for glaucoma. They work by decreasing the production of eye fluid but they are usually used when other treatments have not been successful. Prostaglandin analogs such as latanoprost and travoprost are often the first line of treatment for glaucoma. They work by increasing the outflow of eye fluid to lower pressure in the eye. Alpha-agonists are not typically the first line of treatment for glaucoma. They work by both decreasing the production of eye fluid and increasing its outflow but they are usually used when other treatments have not been successful. Beta-blockers like timolol are sometimes used as initial treatment for glaucoma but they are not typically the preferred initial medication. They work by reducing the production of eye fluid.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a class about the stages of the general adaptive syndrome (GAS). The nurse should include that which of the following is the first physiological response that occurs during GAS?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first physiological response that occurs during the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is the alarm reaction stage. This stage is the body's initial response to stress where the sympathetic nervous system is activated by the sudden release of hormones. The body remaining alert while blood pressure and heart rate return to pre-stress levels is part of the resistance stage of GAS not the first physiological response. Prolonged exposure to stress resulting in illness is associated with the exhaustion stage of GAS which is the final stage not the first physiological response. An increase in hormones causing an increase in blood pressure and heart rate is part of the alarm reaction stage but it is not the first physiological response. The first response is the perception of a stressor that stimulates the central nervous system.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is educating a group of senior citizens about the physiological changes that occur with aging. Which of the following changes should the nurse include in the discussion? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: As people age the stiffness of the arterial system increases leading to left ventricle hypertrophy increased afterload on the left ventricle and an increase in systolic blood pressure. This is a physiological change that occurs with aging. With aging the number of cells in the kidneys decreases markedly which can affect the functioning of the urinary tract including the bladder. This can lead to a reduced bladder capacity. This statement is incorrect. As people age they often experience a decrease in visual acuity and an increased sensitivity to glare. This can make it more difficult for older adults to see especially in brightly lit environments. Dehydration of intervertebral discs is a common occurrence with aging. This can lead to a decrease in height and changes in the curvature of the spine. As people age their cough reflex can become reduced. This can increase the risk of aspiration and pneumonia especially in individuals with other health conditions that affect swallowing.