ATI RN
ATI Nur 221 Med Surg Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following describe a non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: NSTEMI causes chest pain at rest from partial occlusion, not exertion-related or complete occlusion (B, STEMI). Partial occlusion is true but not the best descriptor here.
Question 2 of 5
What set of arterial blood gases (ABGs) would you expect to see in a client with acute chest trauma?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: pH 7.30, high CO2 (52), and near-normal HCO3 (22) reflect respiratory acidosis from hypoventilation in chest trauma, like rib fractures, reducing air exchange. Compensation is minimal acutely, fitting the clinical scenario. Other options (A,
C) indicate respiratory alkalosis, and D suggests mixed acidosis, less precise for acute chest trauma's primary CO2 retention.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of emphysema of five years. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect to see during the morning assessment? (Select all that apply)
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Barrel chest , dyspnea , and clubbed fingers are emphysema findings from air trapping, hypoxia, and alveolar loss. Edema is late, and productive cough is for bronchitis.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and reports having shortness of breath and swelling in his lower extremities. Upon assessment, the nurse notes the client has crackles in his lungs and an elevated blood pressure. The nurse should suspect which of the following based on the client's manifestations?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ESRD causes hypervolemia, leading to edema, pulmonary crackles, and hypertension from fluid overload. Hypovolemia causes hypotension, hyperkalemia affects muscles, and hyponatremia causes neurological symptoms, not fluid-related signs.
Question 5 of 5
A client with chronic renal failure is asking the nurse why her hemoglobin and hematocrit counts are low. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kidneys in chronic renal failure fail to produce erythropoietin, a hormone stimulating red blood cell production, causing anemia. Heparin prevents clotting, blood loss is minimal, and protein intake isn't the primary driver.