ATI RN
ATI Nur 221 Med Surg Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Your labs are potassium 6.4, sodium 138, and serum calcium level of 9. Which order from the healthcare provider would the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kayexalate binds potassium in the gut, facilitating its excretion, effectively lowering serum levels (6.4 mEq/L) in hyperkalemia. Fluid restriction may worsen potassium concentration, neomycin is irrelevant, and sodium chloride with furosemide is less direct than Kayexalate for rapid correction.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and reports having shortness of breath and swelling in his lower extremities. Upon assessment, the nurse notes the client has crackles in his lungs and an elevated blood pressure. The nurse should suspect which of the following based on the client's manifestations?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ESRD causes hypervolemia, leading to edema, pulmonary crackles, and hypertension from fluid overload. Hypovolemia causes hypotension, hyperkalemia affects muscles, and hyponatremia causes neurological symptoms, not fluid-related signs.
Question 3 of 5
During thyroid surgery, the client's parathyroid glands have been damaged. Which condition does the nurse expect the client to develop?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid damage reduces PTH, causing hypocalcemia and tetany. Thyroid cancer , goiter , and Graves' are thyroid-related, not parathyroid.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the thyroid gland?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcitonin, from thyroid, lowers calcium. Renin is from kidneys, BNP from heart, and erythropoietin from kidneys, not thyroid.
Question 5 of 5
Which electrolyte will be high in a client with hypoparathyroidism?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoparathyroidism reduces PTH, raising phosphorus by decreasing excretion. Calcium drops, magnesium and potassium are unaffected.