ATI RN
ATI N 1201222 Med Surg Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for an immunosuppressed pediatric client who reports soreness in his mouth and refuses to eat. Inspection of his mouth reveals a white, milky plaque that does not come off with rubbing. The nurse should anticipate which drug to be administered to this client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nystatin treats oral thrush (candidiasis), indicated by white plaques in immunosuppressed patients. Acyclovir is antiviral, metronidazole and amoxicillin are antibiotics.
Question 2 of 5
The patient has just been started on an enteral feeding and has developed diarrhea after being on the feeding for 2 hours. What does the nurse suspect is the most likely cause of the diarrhea?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Formula intolerance often causes immediate diarrhea in new enteral feeding due to gastrointestinal reaction. Contamination, antibiotics, medication, and fluid overload typically have delayed or different presentations.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has pulmonary edema and is about to start taking furosemide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide, a diuretic, causes potassium loss through increased urination, risking hypokalemia. Eating potassium-rich foods helps maintain electrolyte balance. Swelling is alleviated by furosemide, not caused; bedtime dosing may cause nocturia, disrupting sleep; and aspirin is not standard for furosemide-related headaches.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as having an increased risk of aspiration while eating (select all that apply)?
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Cerebrovascular accident (stroke) causes dysphagia, increasing aspiration risk. Head and neck trauma damages swallowing structures, and recent postoperative clients under anesthesia have impaired airway reflexes. Lactose intolerance and diarrhea affect digestion, not swallowing.
Question 5 of 5
The client diagnosed with paraplegia is being admitted to a medical unit from home with a stage IV pressure injury over the right ischium. Which assessment tool should be completed on admission to the hospital?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Braden Scale assesses pressure ulcer risk factors, guiding care for a stage IV injury. Glasgow Coma Scale is for consciousness, Brudzinski for meningitis, and Babinski for neurological function.