ATI RN
ATI N 1201222 Med Surg Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a 75-year-old client with aspiration pneumonia. The nurse should recognize what age-related change can contribute to the development of aspiration pneumonia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A diminished cough reflex in older adults increases aspiration pneumonia risk by failing to clear airway secretions. Joint changes, gastric secretions, and smell sense are less relevant.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and reports having shortness of breath and swelling in his lower extremities. Upon assessment, the nurse notes the client has crackles in his lungs and elevated blood pressure. The nurse should suspect which of the following based on the client's manifestations?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypervolemia causes edema, shortness of breath, crackles, and hypertension in ESKD due to fluid retention. Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia affect electrolytes, hypovolemia causes hypotension.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing education to the family of a client who has a new diagnosis of epilepsy. Which of the following seizure precaution instructions should the nurse include regarding care of the client when they start having a seizure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Moving objects prevents seizure injuries.
Tongue blades, lying on back, and restraining risk harm.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client in the intensive care unit following a closed head injury. The nurse can anticipate which medication would be administered to treat an increase in intracranial pressure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, reduces intracranial pressure by drawing fluid from brain tissue. Pepcid treats acid, aspirin risks bleeding, and desmopressin manages diabetes insipidus.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client with fluid volume overload. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased blood pressure results from excess blood volume in fluid overload. Fever is unrelated, tachycardia (not bradycardia) is typical, and hematocrit is diluted, not increased.