ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 10 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has hypothyroidism. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lethargy is a common symptom of hypothyroidism due to decreased metabolic rate and energy levels.
Question 2 of 5
Maria, an elementary student, was rushed to the hospital due to vomiting and a decreased level of consciousness. The patient displays slow and deep (Kussmaul breathing), and he is lethargic and irritable in response to stimulation. He appears to be dehydrated-his eyes are sunken and mucous membranes are dry-and he has a two-week history of polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.0, PaO2 90 mm Hg, PaCO2 23 mm Hg, and HCO3 12 mmol/L; other results are Na+ 126 mmol/L, K+ 5 mmol/L, and Cl-95 mmol/L. What is your assessment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is indicated by a low pH and a decreased bicarbonate (HCO3) level. The body attempts to compensate by hyperventilating, evidenced by Kussmaul breathing, to decrease PaCO2. This compensation is partial because the pH is still significantly lower than normal.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has respiratory acidosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lethargy and altered mental status are common manifestations of respiratory acidosis due to the effects of hypercapnia (elevated PaCO2) on the central nervous system.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the BUN and creatinine levels of an older adult client who has chronic kidney disease. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These values indicate elevated BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine levels indicating impaired kidney function, typical findings in chronic kidney disease.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic renal disease and is receiving therapy with epoetin alfa. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse review for an indication of a therapeutic effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The hematocrit (Hct) measures the proportion of red blood cells in the blood. Epoetin alfa stimulates the production of red blood cells, leading to an increase in hematocrit levels, indicating a therapeutic effect of the medication.