ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 10 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing four clients on a medical unit. The nurse should identify which of the following clients as exhibiting positive manifestations of hypercortisolism?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Moon face, or rounded facial appearance with prominent cheeks, is a characteristic manifestation of hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome).
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has hypernatremia and requires IV fluid therapy due to his NPO status. Which of the following solutions should the nurse prepare to infuse for this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 0.45% sodium chloride, also known as half-normal saline, is a hypotonic solution with a lower concentration of sodium than normal serum levels. It can help to lower the sodium levels in a client with hypernatremia by diluting the excess sodium in the body.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperkalemia is a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury due to impaired renal function, leading to decreased potassium excretion.
Question 4 of 5
George Kent is a 54-year-old widower with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and was rushed to the emergency department with increasing shortness of breath, pyrexia, and a productive cough with yellow-green sputum. He has difficulty communicating because of his inability to complete a sentence. Upon examination, crackles and wheezes can be heard in the lower lobes; he has tachycardia and a bounding pulse. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.3, PaCO2 68 mm Hg, HCO3 28 mmol/L and PaO2 60 mm Hg. How would you interpret this?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The low pH (acidosis) and high PaCO2 indicate respiratory acidosis. The increased HCO3 suggests a renal compensatory mechanism attempting to normalize the pH.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is admitted for elective surgery and has a history of Addison's disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperpigmentation, particularly in sun-exposed areas and pressure points, is a characteristic finding in Addison's disease due to increased melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) production.