Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A bland diet reduces gastric irritation by avoiding substances that stimulate acid secretion or exacerbate nausea. It includes foods like rice, bananas, and toast that are easy to digest and less likely to provoke symptoms of nausea or vomiting. Opposing the bland diet recommendation for severe nausea ignores scientific evidence that supports its use. Providing a diet rich in spices or acidic foods can worsen symptoms by irritating the gastrointestinal tract further.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A bland diet reduces gastric irritation by avoiding substances that stimulate acid secretion or exacerbate nausea. It includes foods like rice, bananas, and toast that are easy to digest and less likely to provoke symptoms of nausea or vomiting. Opposing the bland diet recommendation for severe nausea ignores scientific evidence that supports its use. Providing a diet rich in spices or acidic foods can worsen symptoms by irritating the gastrointestinal tract further.

Correct Answer: A,B,C

Rationale: Blood pressure of 85/55 indicates hypotension, which can compromise perfusion to vital organs such as the brain and kidneys. Immediate assessment is necessary to determine the underlying cause, such as dehydration or internal bleeding. Hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL is critically low, falling below the normal range of 12–16 g/dL for women or 13–18 g/dL for men. This reflects severe anemia, which may require urgent intervention, including blood transfusion or addressing the cause of anemia. Massive bleeding from the right lower leg is an emergency due to the risk of hypovolemic shock and significant blood loss. Stabilization of the bleeding site and monitoring for signs of systemic impact is required immediately. A temperature of 96.5°F (35.8°
C) may signal mild hypothermia or a systemic condition. While it requires follow-up, it is not as immediately life-threatening as the other findings and therefore does not warrant immediate prioritization.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Lispro (Humalog) is a rapid-acting insulin analog designed for mealtime glucose control. It begins action within 15 minutes, peaks in 1 hour, and lasts 2 to 4 hours. Its quick onset matches postprandial glucose spikes, enhancing glycemic control during meals and preventing hyperglycemia from carbohydrate intake. Glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting basal insulin with no peak and prolonged action. It does not target mealtime spikes but provides steady glucose control over 24 hours. Its slow onset and constant release profile are unsuitable for immediate postprandial glucose management. Detemir (Levemir) is a long-acting basal insulin, similar to glargine, with extended action for baseline glucose control. It lacks the rapid onset needed for mealtime management, making it inappropriate for postprandial hyperglycemia control, as observed in Lispro efficacy. NPH (Humulin N) is an intermediate-acting insulin with delayed onset and peak activity. It supports baseline glucose regulation but fails to address mealtime glucose control promptly. Its time profile does not align with the immediate needs of postprandial hyperglycemia management.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Applying a warm pack is inappropriate for controlling active bleeding, as it can exacerbate blood flow to the site, worsening the hemorrhage rather than controlling it effectively. Using a tourniquet above the bleeding site is a last-resort method typically reserved for life-threatening bleeding. It may cause complications such as nerve damage or ischemia, so other measures are prioritized first. Direct pressure or sterile pressure dressing with elevation minimizes blood loss effectively by compressing the damaged vessels, promoting clot formation, and utilizing gravity to reduce the pressure at the wound site. It is the recommended first-line method. Placing an ice pack on the bleeding site may reduce localized blood flow by inducing vasoconstriction but is less effective than direct pressure for stopping active hemorrhage. It is secondary to other control measures.