Correct Answer: A,C,D,F

Rationale: Performing neurovascular assessments on the affected extremity helps identify potential complications such as ischemia or nerve damage. This includes checking circulation, sensation, and movement regularly to ensure proper function and prevent permanent injury. Skeletal traction relies on the tension created by weights hanging freely to maintain proper alignment of the bone. If weights lay flat on the ground, the traction effect is lost, undermining the therapeutic purpose of the intervention. Observing pin sites for signs of infection is crucial in preventing complications like osteomyelitis. Regular monitoring ensures early detection and management of redness, swelling, or discharge, which can compromise treatment outcomes. Assessing skin for signs of breakdown is essential in immobile patients receiving skeletal traction. Prolonged pressure and reduced mobility increase the risk of pressure ulcers, necessitating vigilant skin checks and preventive measures. Applying a boot directly to the skin is not appropriate in skeletal traction. Devices must be used correctly and securely without creating additional pressure points or compromising the treatment's effectiveness. Providing pin site care prevents infections and maintains the integrity of the pin and surrounding tissue. This involves cleaning the area and using antiseptics, which are standard practices in skeletal traction care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Administering 1 mg of glucagon intramuscularly is unnecessary for a patient who is awake, alert, and able to swallow. Glucagon is reserved for patients who are unconscious and unable to swallow effectively to prevent choking. Administering 25 g of dextrose IVP is unnecessary in this case because the patient is alert and able to swallow. Oral intake of carbohydrates is the preferred and safer intervention for mild hypoglycemia like 69 mg/dL. Holding the insulin and encouraging the patient to eat provides glucose through dietary means, which is appropriate in a patient who is awake, alert, and hungry. A level of 69 mg/dL, though below normal, can be managed with oral glucose intake safely. Calling the MD is not the immediate priority in managing mild hypoglycemia. Intervening directly to correct the glucose level with oral intake is more appropriate and effective in this situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A bland diet reduces gastric irritation by avoiding substances that stimulate acid secretion or exacerbate nausea. It includes foods like rice, bananas, and toast that are easy to digest and less likely to provoke symptoms of nausea or vomiting. Opposing the bland diet recommendation for severe nausea ignores scientific evidence that supports its use. Providing a diet rich in spices or acidic foods can worsen symptoms by irritating the gastrointestinal tract further.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Fractures caused by disease processes are termed pathological fractures. Diseases like osteoporosis weaken bones, increasing susceptibility to fractures. Conditions like cancer can invade bone tissue, causing structural fragility. Pathological fractures occur without significant trauma, distinguishing them from those caused by external injuries, which require high-impact forces to break otherwise healthy bones. Traumatic fractures stem from external forces, not from disease processes. This assertion neglects the reality of pathological fractures, which result from diseases undermining the bone's natural strength. Healthy bones typically endure significant stress before fracturing, and the absence of disease makes fractures from minimal trauma highly unlikely. This reasoning excludes pathological fractures caused by internal illnesses or conditions weakening bone structures.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Loss of sensation to the perineum, buttocks, inner thighs, and back of the legs may indicate cauda equina syndrome, a surgical emergency. This condition involves compression of the spinal nerve roots and can lead to permanent neurological damage if not promptly addressed. Immediate medical intervention is critical. Nausea and delayed voiding postoperatively are common, potentially due to anesthesia effects or limited mobility. While these findings warrant monitoring, they do not typically indicate an urgent issue unless prolonged or associated with other complications. Mild low back pain is expected after lumbar spinal surgery due to manipulation of spinal structures. Pain management with prescribed analgesics and gradual mobilization is part of the standard postoperative care plan, and it does not usually necessitate immediate reporting. A single episode of emesis can result from anesthesia effects or medication. Unless accompanied by persistent vomiting, signs of aspiration, or electrolyte imbalances, isolated emesis is not typically urgent and should be managed with antiemetics if necessary.