ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 10 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a client who the provider suspects has metabolic acidosis. Which of the following results should the nurse expect to see?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decreased pH.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has the following arterial blood gas results: HCO3-, 18 mEq, PaCO2 28 mm Hg and pH 7.30. The nurse recognizes the client is experiencing which of the following acid base imbalances?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The low bicarbonate level (HCO3) 18mEq/L and low pH 7.30 indicate metabolic acidosis. The low PaCO2 at 28 mm Hg indicates respiratory compensation for the metabolic acidosis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medication record for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following medications should the nurse identify as having the potential to cause nephrotoxicity?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vancomycin is an antibiotic that can cause nephrotoxicity, especially when administered in high doses or in individuals with impaired renal function. Monitoring renal function is crucial when using vancomycin.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a preschooler who has a calcium level of 8.0 mg/dL. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) can lead to neuromuscular irritability, which may manifest as muscle tremors or spasms.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a history of recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adequate fluid intake, typically recommended at least 3 liters (about 100 ounces) per day, helps dilute urine and reduce the concentration of stone-forming substances, thereby reducing the risk of kidney stone formation.