ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 10 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is discussing laboratory values associated with the renal system with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the values?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Creatinine levels rise in acute kidney injury due to impaired kidney function, as the kidneys are unable to effectively filter creatinine from the blood.
Question 2 of 5
Maria, an elementary student, was rushed to the hospital due to vomiting and a decreased level of consciousness. The patient displays slow and deep (Kussmaul breathing), and he is lethargic and irritable in response to stimulation. He appears to be dehydrated-his eyes are sunken and mucous membranes are dry-and he has a two-week history of polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.0, PaO2 90 mm Hg, PaCO2 23 mm Hg, and HCO3 12 mmol/L; other results are Na+ 126 mmol/L, K+ 5 mmol/L, and Cl-95 mmol/L. What is your assessment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is indicated by a low pH and a decreased bicarbonate (HCO3) level. The body attempts to compensate by hyperventilating, evidenced by Kussmaul breathing, to decrease PaCO2. This compensation is partial because the pH is still significantly lower than normal.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who has a new diagnosis of diabetes insipidus. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Checking urine specific gravity helps assess the concentration of urine, which can be very dilute in diabetes insipidus.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the BUN and creatinine levels of an older adult client who has chronic kidney disease. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These values indicate elevated BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine levels indicating impaired kidney function, typical findings in chronic kidney disease.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is characterized by a decrease in renal blood flow, which leads to a reduction in glomerular filtration rate and a subsequent accumulation of waste products, including potassium. Hyperkalemia occurs because the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium effectively.