ATI RN
ATI Fundamental Exams Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing instruction to a new nurse about caring for clients who are receiving diuretic therapy to treat heart failure. The nurse should explain that which of the following medications puts clients at risk for both hyperkalemia and hyponatremia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, inhibits aldosterone, causing potassium retention (hyperkalemia) and sodium excretion (hyponatremia). Hydrochlorothiazide and metolazone cause hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, also causes hypokalemia.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which of the following clients is eligible for hospice care? (Select All that Apply)
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Clients with stage IV breast cancer (3-month prognosis), end-stage kidney disease post-dialysis, and terminal lung cancer discontinuing treatment are eligible for hospice due to life expectancy of six months or less. COPD and diabetes clients don’t automatically qualify without a terminal prognosis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse caring for a client who has hypertension and asks the nurse about a prescription for propranolol. The nurse should inform the client that this medication is contraindicated in clients who have a history of which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propranolol, a beta-blocker, is contraindicated in asthma due to risk of bronchoconstriction. It’s used for migraines and glaucoma and not contraindicated in depression, though monitoring is needed.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is unconscious and has a breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of hyperventilation and apnea. The nurse should document that the client has which of the following respiratory alterations?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cheyne-Stokes respirations involve alternating hyperventilation and apnea, common in neurological conditions or end-of-life. Kussmaul is rapid breathing, apneustic involves prolonged gasps, and stridor is noisy breathing from obstruction.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse in a long-term care facility is observing an assistant personnel (AP) changing the linen for a client who has fecal incontinence. Which of the following actions indicates that the AP understands the principles of infection control?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Placing clean linen that touched the floor in the soiled linen bag prevents cross-contamination and maintains cleanliness. It adheres to infection control standards by ensuring that only soiled items are disposed of appropriately. Placing soiled linen on the floor increases the risk of spreading pathogens. Holding soiled linen against the body risks transferring pathogens to the caregiver’s clothing. Shaking soiled linen disperses infectious particles, increasing contamination risk.