ATI RN
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ATI Fundamental Exams Questions
Extract:
Question
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1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of dementia. The client is alert and oriented to person, place, and time, and has advance directives. The client is scheduled for a procedure that requires informed consent. Which of the following persons should sign the informed consent?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client, being alert and oriented with decision-making capacity, should sign the informed consent. Caregivers, partners, or those with power of attorney only sign if the client lacks capacity.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is admitting a client who has pertussis. Which of the following types of transmission-based precautions should the nurse initiate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pertussis is primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplet precautions, including wearing a surgical mask within 3 feet of the client and placing the client in a private room, prevent transmission. Airborne precautions are for diseases like tuberculosis, contact precautions for infections like MRSA, and protective precautions are for immunocompromised clients, not pertussis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has a sodium level of 116 mEq/L. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyponatremia (sodium <135 mEq/L) causes cellular swelling, leading to neurological symptoms like nausea and vomiting. Flushed skin and thirst are associated with hypernatremia, and fever is unrelated to hyponatremia.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is administering platelets to a client who reports having lower back pain and feeling chilled and itchy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Symptoms like lower back pain, chills, and itching suggest a transfusion reaction. Stopping the infusion immediately prevents further administration and prioritizes safety, followed by assessment and notification of the provider.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetes mellitus and reports foot pain. The nurse should evaluate the client for which of the following alterations as Indications that the client has an infection? (Select all that apply)
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: Localized edema and an increase in neutrophils are indicative of infection in a diabetic client with foot pain. Edema, along with erythema and warmth, suggests inflammation due to infection. Neutrophilia reflects the immune response to bacterial infection. Increased RBCs (erythrocytosis), bradycardia, and increased platelets (thrombocytosis) are not typical infection markers.