ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Exam 1 2024 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is providing care for a client following a cardiac arrest due to pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Which of the following alterations are causes of PEA? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Hypovolemia, hypoxia, and hyperkalemia are direct causes of PEA. Hypovolemia reduces circulating blood volume, impairing cardiac output. Hypoxia compromises myocardial function due to inadequate oxygenation. Hyperkalemia disrupts cardiac electrical activity, leading to ineffective contractions.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is teaching a group of clients about lifestyle modifications that could decrease risk factors for developing hearing loss. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Smoking tobacco products is a significant risk factor for developing hearing loss. Smoking can damage blood vessels and reduce blood flow to the inner ear, leading to hearing impairment.
Therefore, advising clients to avoid smoking or quit smoking is an important lifestyle modification to decrease the risk of hearing loss.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is educating the family of a client who has Alzheimer's disease. The nurse should be sure to communicate that which of the following behavioral manifestations can occur in clients with Alzheimer's disease?
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: A. Restlessness, such as pacing, is common due to confusion or agitation. B. Aggression may arise from frustration or fear. C. Depression can occur, presenting as sadness or withdrawal. D. Hyperactivity may manifest as agitation or excessive activity. E. Lethargy can result from cognitive decline, depression, or medication side effects.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has Lewy body dementia. The nurse should recognize that which of the following is responsible for changes in thinking, communication, movement, and emotional processing in Lewy body dementia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lewy bodies, which are abnormal aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein, are a hallmark pathology of Lewy body dementia. These protein aggregates disrupt neuronal function and are responsible for the cognitive, motor, and emotional symptoms seen in Lewy body dementia.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Which of the following should the nurse understand is a risk factor for TBI?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Falls are a leading cause of traumatic brain injury, especially in vulnerable populations. Marfan's syndrome, hypercarbia, and ventriculostomy are not direct risk factors for TBI, though they may relate to other neurological issues.