ATI RN
ATI N120n122 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with HIV. Which laboratory test would be used to assess the effectiveness of therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Viral load count is the primary test used to assess the effectiveness of HIV therapy by measuring the amount of HIV RNA in the blood, indicating how well the treatment is controlling the virus. The Western blot is used as a confirmatory test for HIV diagnosis rather than monitoring therapy effectiveness. The Enzyme immunoassay (EI
A) test is used for initial HIV screening but does not measure viral load or therapy effectiveness. Platelet count can be affected in HIV infection, especially with advanced disease, but it does not directly measure the effectiveness of HIV therapy.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving a unit of packed red blood cells. Which client statement suggests manifestation of an acute hemolytic reaction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sharp pain in the lower back is a classic symptom of an acute hemolytic reaction, which can occur due to incompatible blood transfusions. Coughing more could indicate a transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) but is not a typical sign of an acute hemolytic reaction. Ringing in the ears can occur with other conditions but is not a common sign of an acute hemolytic reaction. Feeling needles poking in the feet is vague and not specifically associated with acute hemolytic reactions.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is presenting a community-based program about HIV and AIDS. A client asks the nurse to describe the initial symptoms experienced with HIV infection. Which manifestation(s) should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flu-like symptoms and night sweats are common initial manifestations of acute HIV infection, often occurring within 2-4 weeks after exposure. Fungal and bacterial infections can occur later as the immune system becomes compromised, but they are not initial symptoms of HIV infection. Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer associated with advanced HIV/AIDS and not an initial symptom of infection. Pneumocystis lung infection typically occurs later in the course of HIV disease when the immune system is severely weakened, not during the initial infection stage.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has vitamin B12 deficiency. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to consume? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,E,F
Rationale: Eggs, beef, and milk are good sources of vitamin B12 and should be included in the diet of someone with a deficiency. Bananas, spinach, carrots, and quinoa are not significant sources of vitamin B12.
Question 5 of 5
A client with iron deficiency anemia is prescribed ferrous sulfate. Which instruction by the nurse is most appropriate to include in the client's teaching plan?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stools becoming darker in color is a common and expected side effect of ferrous sulfate due to the presence of unabsorbed iron. It is important for clients to know this to avoid unnecessary alarm. Decreasing intake of foods high in fiber is not necessary; in fact, fiber can help prevent constipation, a common side effect of iron supplements. Vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron; thus, avoiding it is incorrect. Taking the medication on a full stomach may decrease absorption.