ATI RN
ATI N120n122 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with sickle cell anemia. The client asks, 'Why am I in so much pain?' What is an appropriate response from the nurse to make to this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sickle cell anemia causes red blood cells to become rigid and shaped like a sickle, which can obstruct blood flow and lead to vaso-occlusive crises, resulting in pain. While deep breathing can help alleviate pain, it is not the primary cause of pain in sickle cell anemia; this response could minimize the client's experience. Although sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder, simply stating that the mutated gene causes increased pain is too vague and does not explain the pain mechanism adequately. While anemia can contribute to fatigue and some discomfort, the pain in sickle cell anemia is primarily due to the sickling of red blood cells and subsequent blockage of blood flow, rather than just the lack of hemoglobin.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Which client statement demonstrates a need for further education?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eating raw fruits and vegetables can pose a risk for clients with compromised immune systems, as these foods may harbor pathogens that can lead to infections. This statement indicates a need for further education regarding safe food handling and preparation. The other statements reflect appropriate practices for clients with AIDS.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has vitamin B12 deficiency. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to consume? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,E,F
Rationale: Eggs, beef, and milk are good sources of vitamin B12 and should be included in the diet of someone with a deficiency. Bananas, spinach, carrots, and quinoa are not significant sources of vitamin B12.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which laboratory value should the nurse alert the provider of?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A CD4-T-cell count of 180 cells/mm³ is significantly low (normal range: 500 to 1500 cells/mm³) and indicates severe immunosuppression, putting the client at increased risk for opportunistic infections, warranting immediate attention from the provider. A positive Western blot test indicates an HIV diagnosis, which is expected in a client with HIV and does not require urgent intervention. A platelet count of 150,000/mm³ is at the lower end of the normal range and does not typically require immediate intervention unless there are clinical symptoms associated. A WBC count of 5,000/mm³ is within the normal range and does not indicate a need for urgent intervention.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following are components of the complete blood count (CBC)? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Hemoglobin level is a key component of the CBC, reflecting the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. White blood cell count is included in the CBC and is important for assessing the immune response. Platelet count is also part of the CBC and is essential for evaluating clotting function. Red blood cell count is included in the CBC and is crucial for assessing overall blood health and anemia status. Blood glucose level is not part of the CBC; it is typically measured separately in metabolic panels or glucose tests.