ATI RN
ATI N120n122 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is presenting a community-based program about HIV and AIDS. A client asks the nurse to describe the initial symptoms experienced with HIV infection. Which manifestation(s) should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flu-like symptoms and night sweats are common initial manifestations of acute HIV infection, often occurring within 2-4 weeks after exposure. Fungal and bacterial infections can occur later as the immune system becomes compromised, but they are not initial symptoms of HIV infection. Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer associated with advanced HIV/AIDS and not an initial symptom of infection. Pneumocystis lung infection typically occurs later in the course of HIV disease when the immune system is severely weakened, not during the initial infection stage.
Question 2 of 5
Which nursing interventions are appropriate for a nurse administering a blood transfusion? Select All That Apply
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E,F
Rationale: Verifying the client's name and blood type with a second nurse is a critical safety measure to prevent transfusion reactions. Infusing the unit of blood within 4 hours is essential to reduce the risk of bacterial growth. Obtaining baseline vital signs prior to starting the transfusion is important to assess the client's condition. Continuously monitoring the client during the first 15 minutes is vital for detecting any signs of a transfusion reaction. Inserting an 18-gauge intravenous catheter is recommended for blood transfusions. Hanging a bag of D5%NS is incorrect; only normal saline should be used. A 22-gauge catheter is acceptable but not preferred.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is providing education to a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who is experiencing wasting syndrome. Which of these suggestions is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Consuming high-calorie snacks between meals is the most appropriate suggestion as it helps increase overall caloric intake, which is essential for clients with wasting syndrome to help maintain weight and improve nutritional status. Legumes are a good source of protein but do not provide the high-calorie density needed. Using canola oil instead of butter may not significantly impact caloric intake. Adding celery adds volume but is low in calories.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who is postoperative and has anemia due to excess blood loss following surgery. The client's hemoglobin is at 7 g/dL. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect this client to report?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue is a common symptom in clients with anemia, particularly when hemoglobin levels are low, as there is reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, leading to feelings of weakness and tiredness. Diarrhea is not typically associated with anemia. Hypertension is unlikely; hypotension may be more expected. Bradycardia is not typical; tachycardia is more common.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client with pernicious anemia. Which intervention should the nurse plan to implement?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin B injections are the correct intervention for pernicious anemia because the condition results from an inability to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor, making injections necessary to restore vitamin levels. Blood transfusions are not a primary treatment for pernicious anemia; they may be used in severe cases but do not address the underlying cause of the condition, which is vitamin B12 deficiency. Daily hydroxyurea is primarily used to treat certain types of cancer and sickle cell disease, not pernicious anemia. Iron supplements are not effective in treating pernicious anemia, as the condition is due to a deficiency of vitamin B12, not iron.