ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Nursing Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with asthma. Which of the following happens physiologically when bronchospasm occurs?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bronchospasm involves inflammation, edema, and excess mucus, causing airway narrowing in asthma.
Question 2 of 5
A 25-year-old female patient presents with fever, chills, and a productive cough. Sputum culture reveals Gram-positive cocci in clusters. Which of the following bacterial organisms is most likely responsible for this infection?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive coccus forming clusters, is a common cause of pneumonia with these symptoms.
Question 3 of 5
A 30-year-old female patient presents with symptoms of dysuria, urgency, and frequency. A urinalysis is performed. Which of the following findings would most likely confirm a diagnosis of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nitrites are commonly found in the urine of patients with UTIs due to bacterial conversion of urinary nitrates to nitrites, a hallmark finding of a UTI.
Question 4 of 5
A 35-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath on exertion. Laboratory results reveal a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL and a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 70 fL. Based on these findings, what is the most likely type of anemia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by low hemoglobin and low MCV, consistent with the patient's microcytic anemia.
Question 5 of 5
A 72-year-old patient with a history of chronic hypertension is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to contrast-induced nephropathy. Which clinical finding would most likely be present in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is common in AKI due to impaired acid excretion by the kidneys.