ATI RN
ATI N120n122 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Which client statement demonstrates a need for further education?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eating raw fruits and vegetables can pose a risk for clients with compromised immune systems, as these foods may harbor pathogens that can lead to infections. This statement indicates a need for further education regarding safe food handling and preparation. The other statements reflect appropriate practices for clients with AIDS.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which laboratory value should the nurse alert the provider of?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A CD4-T-cell count of 180 cells/mm³ is significantly low (normal range: 500 to 1500 cells/mm³) and indicates severe immunosuppression, putting the client at increased risk for opportunistic infections, warranting immediate attention from the provider. A positive Western blot test indicates an HIV diagnosis, which is expected in a client with HIV and does not require urgent intervention. A platelet count of 150,000/mm³ is at the lower end of the normal range and does not typically require immediate intervention unless there are clinical symptoms associated. A WBC count of 5,000/mm³ is within the normal range and does not indicate a need for urgent intervention.
Question 3 of 5
Select the appropriate treatment for the following transfusion reactions
| Options | Hemolytic reaction | Anaphylactic reaction |
|---|---|---|
| Administer 0.9% sodium chloride | ||
| Send the blood bag back to the blood bank for analysis. | ||
| Stop blood infusion | ||
| Administer epinephrine |
Correct Answer: A,B,C for Hemolytic; C,D,B,A for Anaphylactic
Rationale: For hemolytic reaction: Administer 0.9% sodium chloride to maintain fluid balance and prevent kidney damage, send the blood bag back for analysis to identify the cause, and stop blood infusion to prevent further hemolysis. For anaphylactic reaction: Stop blood infusion to prevent further exposure to the allergen, administer epinephrine to treat the severe allergic reaction, send the blood bag back for analysis, and administer 0.9% sodium chloride to maintain fluid balance.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing education to a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who is experiencing wasting syndrome. Which of these suggestions is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Consuming high-calorie snacks between meals is the most appropriate suggestion as it helps increase overall caloric intake, which is essential for clients with wasting syndrome to help maintain weight and improve nutritional status. Legumes are a good source of protein but do not provide the high-calorie density needed. Using canola oil instead of butter may not significantly impact caloric intake. Adding celery adds volume but is low in calories.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. Which of the following can be anticipated will be a trigger for a sickle cell crisis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dehydration is a significant trigger for sickle cell crises, as it can lead to increased blood viscosity and sickling of red blood cells. Over-hydration is not a trigger for a sickle cell crisis; in fact, adequate hydration helps prevent sickling of the cells. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often used to manage pain associated with sickle cell crises, but they do not trigger a crisis. Vaccinations are important for preventing infections in individuals with sickle cell anemia but are not associated with triggering a sickle cell crisis.