ATI RN
ATI N120n122 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is coming to the clinic for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. The patient's enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results are positive. Which test will be used to confirm the diagnosis of HIV?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Western blot analysis is the standard confirmatory test for HIV following a positive ELISA result, as it specifically detects the presence of antibodies to HIV proteins. A quantitative RNA assay is used to measure the amount of HIV RNA in the blood and is not used for confirmatory diagnosis. A viral load test assesses the level of virus in the blood but does not confirm the diagnosis of HIV. The CD4+ T-cell count is used to assess immune function but is not a confirmatory test.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has vitamin B12 deficiency. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to consume? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,E,F
Rationale: Eggs, beef, and milk are good sources of vitamin B12 and should be included in the diet of someone with a deficiency. Bananas, spinach, carrots, and quinoa are not significant sources of vitamin B12.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is administering a unit of RBC 350 mL over 3 hr to a client who has anemia. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 117
Rationale: Infusion rate (mL/hr) = Volume to be infused (mL) / Time (hr). In this case: Volume to be infused = 350 mL, Time = 3 hours. Plugging the values into the formula: Infusion rate = 350 mL / 3 hours = 116.67 mL/hr. Rounding to the nearest whole number, the infusion rate is 117 mL/hr.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic renal disease and is taking epoetin alfa (Procrit). Which laboratory result would be used to assess the effectiveness of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Red blood cells (RB
C) and hemoglobin (Hg) levels are directly affected by epoetin alfa, which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow, making these values essential for assessing the medication's effectiveness. The leukocyte count (WB
C) is not relevant to the effects of epoetin alfa, as this medication primarily influences erythropoiesis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a non-specific test used to detect inflammation but does not provide information regarding the effectiveness of epoetin alfa. The thrombocyte count does not assess the effectiveness of epoetin alfa.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing education to a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who is experiencing wasting syndrome. Which of these suggestions is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Consuming high-calorie snacks between meals is the most appropriate suggestion as it helps increase overall caloric intake, which is essential for clients with wasting syndrome to help maintain weight and improve nutritional status. Legumes are a good source of protein but do not provide the high-calorie density needed. Using canola oil instead of butter may not significantly impact caloric intake. Adding celery adds volume but is low in calories.