ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 IV Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has muscarinic agonist poisoning. Following administration of atropine, which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the treatment has been effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heart rate 90/min. Atropine is given to treat muscarinic agonist poisoning by blocking the effects of excessive acetylcholine, which slows down the heart rate.
Therefore, if the heart rate increases to a more normal range like 90/min after atropine administration, it indicates that the treatment has been effective in reversing the toxic effects. The other choices are incorrect because hyperactive bowel sounds (
A) and increased salivation (
D) are symptoms of muscarinic agonist poisoning that atropine would aim to reduce. Similarly, low blood pressure (
C) is a common symptom of muscarinic agonist poisoning and atropine would aim to increase blood pressure by reversing the effects of excessive acetylcholine.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmia. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Amiodarone. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication commonly used to treat life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias. It works by prolonging the action potential duration and refractory period of cardiac muscle cells, thereby stabilizing the heart's electrical activity. Digoxin (
A) is not typically used for ventricular dysrhythmias. Dopamine (
B) is a vasopressor used for hypotension, not dysrhythmias. Verapamil (
C) is a calcium channel blocker, which is contraindicated in ventricular dysrhythmias.
Therefore, the nurse should anticipate administering amiodarone to treat the client's life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmia.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has a depressive disorder about amitriptyline. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "This medication can cause an increase in appetite." Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant known to cause weight gain and increased appetite as side effects, leading to potential weight gain. This information is important for the client to be aware of to monitor for changes in their eating habits. Hair loss (
A), diarrhea (
C), and urinary frequency (
D) are not common side effects of amitriptyline, making them incorrect choices.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who reports a severe headache. The client's blood pressure is 280/160 mm Hg. The nurse should plan to administer which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nitroprusside. This medication is a potent vasodilator that rapidly lowers blood pressure, making it the most appropriate choice for a client with severe hypertension presenting with a hypertensive emergency. Nitroprusside acts quickly to reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, helping to prevent organ damage.
A: Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid used for inflammatory conditions, not for immediate blood pressure control.
B: Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic drug that can increase blood pressure, which is contraindicated in this scenario.
C: Dobutamine is a beta-1 adrenergic agonist that increases heart rate and contractility, which can worsen hypertension.
Overall, Nitroprusside is the most appropriate choice due to its rapid and effective blood pressure-lowering properties in a hypertensive emergency.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving parenteral nutrition and identifies that the client has hyperkalemia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the client on a cardiac monitor. Hyperkalemia can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. By placing the client on a cardiac monitor, the nurse can continuously monitor the client's heart rhythm for any signs of arrhythmias. This allows for prompt detection and intervention if needed to prevent cardiac complications.
A: Warming the formula to room temperature is not relevant to managing hyperkalemia.
B: Requesting a lactose-free formula is not necessary for addressing hyperkalemia.
C: Administering IV dextrose does not directly address hyperkalemia and may not be appropriate for this situation.