ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 IV Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is administering midazolam to a client who is undergoing an endoscopic procedure. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following as an adverse effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory depression. Midazolam is a sedative-hypnotic medication that can cause respiratory depression, especially when given in higher doses or in combination with other central nervous system depressants. The nurse should monitor the client closely for signs of respiratory distress, such as decreased respiratory rate, shallow breathing, or oxygen desaturation. Respiratory depression can lead to hypoxia and respiratory arrest if not promptly recognized and managed. Ringing in the ears (
B), increased blood pressure (
C), and urinary retention (
D) are not common adverse effects of midazolam. Monitoring for these symptoms would not be a priority when administering midazolam.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is transcribing a new prescription for a client which states, 'Diphenhydramine 50 mg NOW.' Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Contact the provider to clarify the prescription. This is the correct action because the prescription lacks specific instructions on how the medication should be administered. By contacting the provider, the nurse can seek clarification on the frequency and route of administration, ensuring the client receives the medication safely and effectively.
Choice A is incorrect because immediately sending the medication without clarification could lead to potential errors in administration.
Choice B is incorrect as it assumes the client knows how to use the medication without proper instructions.
Choice D is incorrect as administering the medication within 90 minutes without clarity on the prescription could jeopardize the client's safety.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has received oxycodone. The nurse notes that the client's respiratory rate is 8/min. The nurse should identify that which of the following is the pathophysiology for the client's respiratory rate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oxycodone causes central nervous system depression. Oxycodone is an opioid that acts on the central nervous system, specifically the brainstem, to depress respiratory drive. This leads to a decrease in respiratory rate. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Oxycodone does not directly inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. C: Oxycodone does not block sodium channels to suspend nerve conduction. D: Oxycodone does not directly promote vasodilation of cranial arteries. In summary, the respiratory depression caused by oxycodone is due to its effect on the central nervous system, not its actions on prostaglandin synthesis, sodium channels, or cranial arteries.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to apply a fentanyl transdermal patch. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Press the patch firmly into place using the palm of the hand for 30 seconds. This action helps ensure proper adhesion of the fentanyl patch to the skin, promoting consistent drug delivery. Pressing the patch helps create better contact between the patch and the skin, enhancing absorption. It is important to press the patch firmly but gently to avoid damaging the patch or irritating the skin.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Cleaning the application area with an alcohol swab is not necessary and may irritate the skin.
B: Applying a warm compress may alter drug absorption and is not recommended for fentanyl patches.
D: Discarding the used patch in a clear plastic bag and placing it in the trash is correct for disposal but not related to applying the patch.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of cardiac arrhythmias and is taking verapamil. For which of the following reasons should the nurse consult the pharmacist?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Consulting the pharmacist to assess the compatibility of verapamil with newly ordered medications is crucial because verapamil is known to have significant drug interactions, especially with other medications that affect heart rhythms. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can potentiate the effects of other antiarrhythmic drugs, leading to serious cardiac complications. By consulting the pharmacist, the nurse can prevent potential drug interactions and ensure the client's safety.
Option B is incorrect because reporting the client's refusal to take verapamil does not require pharmacist consultation but rather involves addressing the client's compliance issues directly. Option C is incorrect because requesting a change in the dosage of verapamil should be discussed with the prescriber, not the pharmacist. Option D is incorrect because verifying the frequency of administration of verapamil can be done by referring to the medication order without pharmacist consultation.