Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hypotension and confusion are classic signs of shock, including postoperative shock. Hypotension indicates inadequate perfusion of vital organs, while confusion may result from cerebral hypoperfusion. Altered mental status, such as confusion, is a significant neurological manifestation of shock.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Swollen and enlarged veins, also known as varicose veins, are classic manifestations of peripheral venous disease. These veins result from venous insufficiency, which leads to blood pooling and increased pressure in the veins, causing them to dilate and become visibly enlarged.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that may affect the inner ear, potentially contributing to Meniere's disease. Bacterial pneumonia, macular degeneration, and osteoporosis are unrelated to Meniere's disease as they affect different systems without direct impact on the inner ear.

Correct Answer: B,C,D

Rationale: Hypovolemia, hypoxia, and hyperkalemia are direct causes of PEA. Hypovolemia reduces circulating blood volume, impairing cardiac output. Hypoxia compromises myocardial function due to inadequate oxygenation. Hyperkalemia disrupts cardiac electrical activity, leading to ineffective contractions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Initiating enteral nutrition within 24 to 48 hours helps prevent bacterial translocation by maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity, reducing gut bacterial overgrowth, and decreasing the risk of infectious complications.